Christian Churches of God

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Le Rôle du Quatrième Commandement dans l’Histoire des Églises de Dieu Observant le Sabbat

(Édition 4.0 19960622-20000122-20090128-20100715)
Il est usuellement supposé par les Églises de Dieu qui observent le Sabbat au cours des deux derniers siècles que le thème central et la marque d'identification du Christianisme étaient le Sabbat, et que les Églises ont été persécutées tout au long de l’histoire pour leur observance du Sabbat. Cette position n'est, au mieux, que partiellement vraie et, au pire, elle cache les véritables aspects fondamentaux de la foi pour lesquels l'Église de Dieu a été persécutée et ces autres aspects qui constituent les signes des élus. Ce document montre qu'il existe en fait une série de signes qui identifient les élus, ces signes ont été utilisés pour les isoler et les extraire de la société au cours des périodes de persécution généralement appelées Inquisitions.
Christian Churches of God
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(Copyright © 1996, 1998, 2000, 2009, 2010 Wade Cox)
(Tr. 2003, 2022, rév. 2022)

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Le Rôle du Quatrième Commandement dans l’Histoire des Églises de Dieu Observant le Sabbat

Introduction

Dans le document La Distribution Générale des Églises observant le Sabbat (No. 122), il a été démontré qu’il y a eu une chaîne continue d’Églises qui observent le Sabbat tout au long de l’histoire qui se sont opposées plus ou moins continuellement au système des églises dominantes et qui ont été persécutées par celui-ci. Les Églises de Dieu qui observent le Sabbat au cours des deux derniers siècles supposent commodément que le thème central et la marque d’identification (le signe distinctif) de ce système étaient le Sabbat, et que les églises ont été persécutées pour leur observance du Sabbat. Cette position n’est au mieux que partiellement vraie et au pire cache les véritables aspects fondamentaux de la foi pour lesquels l’Église de Dieu a été persécutée et qui constituent les autres signes des élus. Nous verrons dans ce document qu’il existe en fait une série de signes identifiant les élus, et ces signes ont été utilisés pour les isoler et les extraire de la société au cours des périodes de persécution généralement appelées Inquisitions. Le système orthodoxe dominant a utilisé de nombreuses marques (signe) d’identification de la foi pour recueillir des informations et des preuves contre les élus afin de les détruire.

Les Églises de Dieu du XXe siècle ont commis l’erreur fondamentale de supposer que ce qu’elles comprenaient était meilleur ou plus complet que la compréhension des Églises des ères précédentes. En fait, cette erreur s’est avérée être la cause de la destruction des églises des derniers jours. Elle a découlé de leur ignorance des doctrines des églises précédentes et de l’application de la doctrine de leur foi. Il est vrai, en fait, que les dernières ères présentaient toutes les caractéristiques des systèmes de Sardes et de Laodicée (Apoc. 3:1-6,14-22). De cette ignorance émergera un véritable système Philadelphien (Apoc. 3:7-13) qui aura peu de force, mais qui sera fidèle aux commandements de Dieu et au témoignage de Jésus Christ (Apoc. 12:17 ; 14:12).

Selon la Bible, quels sont exactement les signes des élus et quel rôle le Sabbat joue-t-il dans ce processus d’identification ?

Le Sabbat en tant qu’un des signes de l’Église

Le Sabbat est le quatrième commandement. Il est examiné en détail dans le document La Loi et le Quatrième Commandement (No. 256); voir également Le Sabbat (No. 031). On le trouve dans Exode 20:8, 10-11 et Deutéronome 5:12.

Le Sabbat est énuméré comme un signe du peuple de Dieu. C’est un signe entre nous et Dieu qui nous rend saints.

Exode 31:12-14 L’Éternel parla à Moïse, et dit : 13 Parle aux enfants d’Israël, et dis-leur : Vous ne manquerez pas d’observer mes sabbats, car ce sera entre moi et vous, et parmi vos descendants, un signe auquel on connaîtra que je suis l’Éternel qui vous sanctifie.14 Vous observerez le sabbat, car il sera pour vous une chose sainte. Celui qui le profanera, sera puni de mort ; celui qui fera quelque ouvrage ce jour-là, sera retranché du milieu de son peuple. (LSG)

On suppose souvent, à tort, que les Sabbats dont il est question ici sont simplement le pluriel du Sabbat hebdomadaire. C’est incorrect. Les Sabbats incluent la gamme entière des services d’adoration aux Jours Saints énumérés comme étant les Sabbats de Dieu. La mise à mort est spirituelle.

Le Sabbat n’est pas exclusivement un signe de l’Église. Il est aussi un signe du peuple de l’alliance qui n’est pas encore appelé dans l’Église. Si c’était le signe des élus, le Judaïsme ferait alors partie de la première résurrection, ce qui n’est pas le cas.

Les autres signes des élus

Le deuxième signe est la Pâque et la Fête des Pains sans Levain.

Exode 13:9-16 Ce sera pour toi comme un signe sur ta main et comme un souvenir entre tes yeux, afin que la loi de l’Éternel soit dans ta bouche; car c’est par sa main puissante que l’Éternel t’a fait sortir d’Égypte. 10 Tu observeras cette ordonnance au temps fixé d’année en année.11 Quand l’Éternel t’aura fait entrer dans le pays des Cananéens, comme il l’a juré à toi et à tes pères, et qu’il te l’aura donné,12 tu consacreras à l’Éternel tout premier-né, même tout premier-né des animaux que tu auras : les mâles appartiennent à l’Éternel.13 Tu rachèteras avec un agneau tout premier-né de l’âne ; et, si tu ne le rachètes pas, tu lui briseras la nuque. Tu rachèteras aussi tout premier-né de l’homme parmi tes fils. 14 Et lorsque ton fils te demandera un jour : Que signifie cela ? tu lui répondras : Par sa main puissante, l’Éternel nous a fait sortir d’Égypte, de la maison de servitude ; 15 et, comme Pharaon s’obstinait à ne point nous laisser aller, l’Éternel fit mourir tous les premiers-nés dans le pays d’Égypte, depuis les premiers-nés des hommes jusqu’aux premiers-nés des animaux. Voilà pourquoi j’offre en sacrifice à l’Éternel tout premier-né des mâles, et je rachète tout premier-né de mes fils.16 Ce sera comme un signe sur ta main et comme des fronteaux entre tes yeux ; car c’est par sa main puissante que l’Éternel nous a fait sortir d’Égypte. (LSG)

La Pâque et les Pains sans Levain sont le deuxième signe du peuple de l’alliance. Cette extension du quatrième commandement (comme nous l’avons vu ci-dessus) sert/consiste à marquer les lois de Dieu dans nos actions (mains) et dans nos esprits (front, entre les yeux). C’est le signe de la loi de l’Éternel (Deut. 6:8) et de Sa rédemption d’Israël (Deut. 6:10). Dans le Nouveau Testament, ce statut s’étend aux Païens qui sont en Christ (Rom. 9:6 ; 11:25-26). La compréhension de la Pâque dans les Églises de Dieu au vingtième siècle a été sérieusement dans l’erreur. Il a été supposé à tort que les Juifs s’étaient trompés et que la Pâque avait lieu dans la nuit du quatorzième jour du mois de Nisan, alors que la Soirée Mémorable dont il faut se souvenir était le quinzième jour, et que cette nuit-là a été appelée à tort la Pâque par les Juifs. Ce point a été examiné en détail et toute la structure complète des fausses prémisses sur lesquelles cela reposait a été examinée dans l’Annexe du document La Pâque (No. 098).

Ces signes de la loi, le Sabbat et la Pâque, sont spécifiquement conçus pour protéger contre l’idolâtrie (Deutéronome 11:6). Ces deux signes sont le sceau sur la main et sur le front des élus du Seigneur. Avec l’Esprit Saint, ils constituent la base du scellement d’Apocalypse 7:3 des derniers jours. Le signe des élus est donc centré sur le premier commandement. Christ a dit : Tu adoreras le Seigneur, ton Dieu, et tu Le serviras Lui seul. (Matt. 4:10 ; Luc 4:8). Servir signifie adorer en termes bibliques.

Le Jour des Expiations est un autre signe du peuple de l’alliance. L’individu qui n’observe pas le Jour des Expiations est puni en étant retranché/exclu du peuple ; en d’autres termes, du corps d’alliance constitué par Israël, qui est l’église (Lév. 23:29).

Le signe initial et primaire du peuple de l’alliance était la circoncision (Gen. 17:14). Celle-ci a été remplacée par la cérémonie du baptême (voir le document L’Alliance de Dieu (No. 152)).

Le baptême dans l’Esprit Saint, dans un seul corps, à travers le sang de Jésus-Christ, constitue le signe principal des élus (Matt. 28:19 ; Actes 1:5 ; 11:16 ; Rom. 6:3 ; 1Cor. 12:13 ; Héb. 9:11-28).

La position doctrinale commune de l’Église

La doctrine commune des élus se manifeste dès les premiers temps. C’est à travers les écrits des disciples Polycarpe et Irénée que nous pouvons nous approcher le plus de l’apôtre Jean. La vue la plus ancienne est que la Bible et l’église du Nouveau Testament avaient une vue distinctive de la Divinité qui est restée cohérente et la même pendant environ deux mille ans.

La centralité de leur foi était leur doctrine concernant Dieu. Le Sabbat, les Nouvelles Lunes et les Fêtes étaient des aspects distinctifs de l’adoration rendue à ce Dieu. Cela s’accompagnait également de l’adhérence aux lois sur l’alimentation sur une base large ou générale (voir également le document Les Lois sur l’Alimentation (No. 015)).Par conséquent, le Sabbat et tout ce qui en découlait étaient des signes de l’adoration de Celui qui est l’Unique Véritable Dieu (Jean 17:3). Ce Dieu, Eloah, était exactement le même que celui adoré par Juda et révélé dans l’Ancien Testament. Pour l’église primitive, la Bible était l’Ancien Testament, qui était interprété et expliqué par le Nouveau Testament (voir le document La Bible (No. 164)). Les doctrines de l’église primitive sur Dieu ont été examinées dans les études intitulées La Théologie de la Divinité des Premiers Temps (No. 127)L’Immortalité (No. 165)La Déité de Christ (No. 147), Le Premier Commandement : Le Péché de Satan (No. 153) et Consubstantiel avec le Père (No. 081).

La base biblique de la doctrine commune

La base biblique de la doctrine commune est centrée sur le premier et grand commandement (voir le document Le Premier Grand Commandement (No. 252)). Nous voyons ainsi que le quatrième commandement n’est qu’une quatrième facette d’une structure plus grande. Les Sabbats et les Jours Saints, à leur tour, sont des sous-structures du quatrième commandement et ils sont en relation et étroitement liés aux autres commandements. Ceci est examiné dans Les Dépositions de la Foi (No. A1).

L’Église s’est engagée à observer les Dix Commandements tels qu’ils figurent dans Exode 20:1-17 et Deutéronome 5:6-21.

Le premier commandement est :

Je suis l’Éternel, ton Dieu, qui t’ai fait sortir du pays d’Égypte, de la maison de servitude. Tu n’auras pas d’autres dieux devant ma face. 

Dieu le Père est l’unique véritable Dieu (Jean 17:3) et il n’y a aucun autre elohim qui est supérieur/devant ou égal à Lui. Il n’est pas permis d’adorer ou de prier toute autre entité et cela inclut Jésus Christ.

Le deuxième commandement est :

Tu ne te feras point d’image taillée, ni de représentation quelconque des choses qui sont en haut dans les cieux, qui sont en bas sur la terre, et qui sont dans les eaux plus bas que la terre. Tu ne te prosterneras point devant elles, et tu ne les serviras point ; car moi, l’Éternel, ton Dieu, je suis un Dieu jaloux, qui punis l’iniquité des pères sur les enfants jusqu’à la troisième et la quatrième génération de ceux qui me haïssent, et qui fais miséricorde jusqu’en mille générations à ceux qui m’aiment et qui gardent mes commandements.

Il n’est donc pas permis de faire des figurines ou des représentations de quelque nature que ce soit pour les utiliser dans le culte ou le symbolisme religieux. Le crucifix est donc interdit à l’Église comme symbole. Les commandements eux-mêmes font partie de l’identification du système religieux et sont donc tous solidement bien établis.

Le troisième commandement est :

Tu ne prendras point le nom de l’Éternel, ton Dieu, en vain ; car l’Éternel ne laissera point impuni celui qui prendra son nom en vain.

Le nom du Seigneur Dieu confère l’autorité et, par conséquent, cette loi a non seulement rapport au simple blasphème mais aussi s’étend à l’abus de l’autorité de l’Église et à tous ceux qui prétendent agir sous la direction de Dieu à travers Jésus Christ.

Le quatrième commandement est :

Souviens-toi du jour du repos, pour le sanctifier. Tu travailleras six jours, et tu feras tout ton ouvrage. Mais le septième jour est le jour du repos de l’Éternel, ton Dieu : tu ne feras aucun ouvrage, ni toi, ni ton fils, ni ta fille, ni ton serviteur, ni ta servante, ni ton bétail, ni l’étranger qui est dans tes portes. Car en six jours l’Éternel a fait les cieux, la terre et la mer, et tout ce qui y est contenu, et il s’est reposé le septième jour : c’est pourquoi l’Éternel a béni le jour du repos et l’a sanctifié.

Le Sabbat du septième jour est donc obligatoire pour la foi. Aucun Chrétien ne peut servir Dieu sans honorer le Sabbat, connu dans le calendrier actuel sous le nom de samedi. L’établissement d’un jour d’adoration autre que le septième jour non seulement viole ce commandement, mais cela devient en lui-même un symbole d’idolâtrie, étant externe à la volonté expresse de Dieu. C’est un acte de rébellion et, par conséquent, équivalent de la sorcellerie (1Sam. 15:23). Lié au deuxième commandement, qui englobe le quatrième, cela devient une idolâtrie. L’établissement d’un calendrier, qui ajuste la semaine sur une base rotative, a le même effet.

Ces quatre premiers commandements déterminent la relation de l’homme à Dieu et sont identifiés sous le premier et principal entête de la loi, à savoir :

Tu aimeras le Seigneur, ton Dieu, de tout ton cœur, de toute ton âme, et de toute ta pensée (et de toute ta force) (Marc 12:30). C’est le premier et le plus grand commandement (Matt. 22:37-38).

L’identification absolue avec Dieu découle de l’adhésion et de l’observance fidèle à ces commandements et du fait d’éviter toute action qui les compromettrait.

Le quatrième commandement fait donc partie d’une série de quatre qui sont intégraux au premier grand commandement. Ainsi, de la bouche de Jésus Christ, Dieu le Père est central à la foi et le point principal et l’objet final de celle-ci (Matt. 22:37-38 ; Marc 12:30 ; Apoc. 1:8). La connaissance de Celui qui est l’Unique Véritable Dieu et de Son fils Jésus Christ, qu’Il a envoyé, est centrale pour recevoir la vie éternelle (Jean 17:3 ; 1Jean 5:20). Le quatrième commandement n’est donc pas une fin en soi mais simplement un indicateur primaire des élus et du fait de leur obéissance à Dieu.

Le Quatrième Commandement s’étend pour englober le système entier du culte biblique des Nouvelles Lunes, des Fêtes et des Jours Saints, ainsi que de la dîme (voir le document Le Prélèvement de la Dîme (No. 161)), qui est lié au système des prémices et de la Moisson/Récolte de l’Alliance (voir aussi le document L’Alliance de Dieu (No. 152)).

Nous avons vu les effets des Nouvelles Lunes sur le calendrier de Dieu (voir le document Le Calendrier de Dieu (No. 156)). Les Nouvelles Lunes et les Fêtes se combinent pour former la structure du Gouvernement de Dieu. Le Sanhédrin, de la même manière que le Temple physique et son sacerdoce, était le reflet du système céleste (Héb. 8:5). Cependant, nous avons un autel sur lequel ceux qui servent la tente (ou la structure physique) n’ont pas le droit de manger (Héb. 13:10). Ainsi, nous n’avons pas de cité physique durable, mais nous recherchons la cité qui doit venir. De la même manière que les sacrifices sont brûlés hors de la ville, Christ a aussi été sacrifié hors de la ville et ainsi nous sortons hors du camp pour souffrir un abus semblable à celui qu’il a enduré (Héb. 13:12-13).

Regardons l’exemple de nos frères du passé pour voir ce qu’ils ont souffert/enduré et pour quoi ils ont été punis. Les doctrines de l’église primitive apparaissent comme raisonnablement cohérentes et constantes si nous pouvons isoler les faits de la propagande du système traditionnel/dominant.

L’application de ces éléments distinctifs dans les doctrines des premières Églises

L’église primitive était exclusivement Unitarienne. Les Gnostiques et les Modalistes ne sont pas considérés comme faisant partie de l’Église. Il n’y a pas la moindre preuve que Christ, les apôtres ou leurs disciples aient été Binitaires ou Trinitaires. En fait, il existe des preuves claires que la doctrine de la Trinité a été développée à partir du Binitarisme, dérivé des soi-disant Chrétiens du IVe siècle. La position Trinitaire, ainsi que son prédécesseur incohérent, le Binitarisme, n’a jamais été retenue/défendue par l’église qui observe le Sabbat avant ce temps ou, en fait, ni même jusqu’ à la Réforme, quelque onze siècles plus tard. En fait, le Binitarisme est issu du Modalisme qui est la doctrine des adorateurs du dieu Attis à Rome (voir le document Les Origines de Noël et d’Easter/Pâques (No. 235)).

Preuves de l’Histoire et de la Persécution de l’Église

L’Église primitive

Nous savons par les écrits d’Irénée (et de son prédécesseur Polycarpe) que lui et l’Église étaient Unitariens et qu’ils croyaient que Christ avait été nommé elohim, et que les élus devaient devenir des elohim comme Christ l’était avec Dieu. Ils croyaient que seul Dieu existait éternellement et qu’il n’y avait rien qui coexistait avec Lui. Ceci est dérivé de Zacharie 12:8 et c’est retrouvé dans l’ouvrage Against Heresies (Contre les Hérésies).

Irénée affirme à propos de Dieu (Against Heresies, III, viii, 3) :

Car Il a commandé, et ils ont été créés. Il a parlé, et ils ont été faits. À qui donc a-t-Il donné l’ordre ? La Parole, sans doute, par qui, dit-il, que les cieux ont été établis et toute leur puissance par le souffle de Sa bouche [Psaume 33:6].

Irénée soutenait que :

il est clairement prouvé que ni les prophètes ni les apôtres n’ont jamais nommé un autre du nom de Dieu ni appelé un autre Seigneur, si ce n’est l’unique véritable Dieu ….Mais les choses établies sont distinctes de Celui qui les a établies, et ce qui a été fait de Celui qui l’a fait. Car Il est Lui-même incréé, sans commencement ni fin, et ne manquant de rien. Il se suffit à Lui-même ; et de plus, Il accorde à tous les autres cette chose même, l’existence ; mais les choses qui ont été faites par Lui (ibid.).

Irénée a étendu la capacité de devenir Dieu (theos ou elohim) au Logos ici dans ce texte, comme étant distinct des autres choses établies (ibid.). Il avait déjà établi la position de Dieu, du Fils, de ceux de l’adoption, comme theoi ou elohim, et de tous les fils de Dieu dans le Livre III, Chapitre vi.

C’est pourquoi ni le Seigneur, ni l’Esprit Saint, ni les apôtres, n’auraient jamais nommé Dieu, de façon définitive et absolue, celui qui n’était pas Dieu, à moins qu’il ne soit vraiment Dieu ; et ils n’auraient pas non plus nommé Seigneur quiconque aurait pu l’être en sa propre personne, si ce n’est Dieu le Père qui domine sur tout, et son Fils qui a reçu de son Père la domination sur toute la création, comme le dit ce passage : Parole de l’Éternel à mon Seigneur : Assieds-toi à ma droite, jusqu’à ce que je fasse de tes ennemis ton marchepied  [Psaume 110:1]. [L’Écriture] représente ici le Père s’adressant au Fils ; Lui qui lui a donné l’héritage des païens, et lui a soumis tous Ses ennemis…

Irénée poursuit en déclarant que l’Esprit Saint a appelé ici Seigneur le Père et le Fils. Il soutenait que c’était Christ qui a parlé avec Abraham avant la destruction des Sodomites et qui avait reçu [de Dieu] le pouvoir de juger les Sodomites pour leur méchanceté. Et ceci [texte suivant] :

déclare la même vérité : Ton trône, ô Dieu, est à toujours ; Le sceptre de ton règne est un sceptre d’équité. Tu aimes la justice, et tu hais la méchanceté : C’est pourquoi, ô Dieu, ton Dieu t’a oint d’une huile de joie, par privilège sur tes collègues [Psaume 45:6]. Car l’Esprit désigne les deux par le nom de Dieu [theos ou elohim] – autant Celui qui est oint comme Fils que Celui qui oint, c’est-à-dire le Père. Et encore : Dieu se tient dans l’assemblée des dieux ; Il juge au milieu des dieux” [Psaume 82:1]. Il se réfère [ici] au Père et au Fils et à ceux qui ont reçu l’adoption ; mais ces derniers sont l’Église, car elle est la synagogue de Dieu, que Dieu – c’est à dire le Fils Lui-même – a rassemblé par Celui-là de qui Il parle : “Le Dieu des dieux, le Seigneur a parlé, et a convoqué la terre” [Psaume 50:1]. Qui est visé/désigné par le mot ‘Dieu’ ? Celui dont Il a dit : Il vient, notre Dieu, il ne reste pas en silence ; (Psaume 50:3) c’est-à-dire, le Fils, qui est venu se manifester aux hommes, qui a dit : Je me suis laissé trouver par ceux qui ne me cherchaient pas ; [Ésaïe 65:1]. Mais de quels dieux [parle-t-il] ? [De ceux] à qui Il dit, “J’avais dit : Vous êtes des dieux, vous êtes tous des fils du Très-Haut” [Psaume 82:6 ]. À ceux, sans doute, qui ont reçu la grâce de ‘l’adoption, par laquelle nous crions : Abba ! Père !’ [Rom. 8:15] (Against Heresies, Bk. III, ch vi, ANF, Vol. I, pp 418-419).

Il ne fait aucun doute qu’Irénée avait une vue subordinationiste de la Divinité et qu’il a étendu le terme Dieu (comme theoi ou elohim) pour inclure le Fils et ceux de l’adoption également. Ceci est probablement dérivé au moins de Zacharie 12:8. Il semble indiquer ici que Christ a rassemblé les élus, alors que nous savons à partir des Écritures que c’est Dieu qui donne les élus à Christ pour qu’ils soient rassemblés (Jean 17:11-12 ; Héb. 2:13 ; 9:15). L’utilisation exclusive du terme aux élus physiques peut être incorrecte, compte tenu de l’application d’Irénée ici. L’Armée céleste loyale et fidèle est également incluse dans le conseil, d’après ce que l’on comprend dans Apocalypse 4 et 5. L’Armée céleste loyale et fidèle est donc également l’Ecclésia de Dieu.

Ces positions sont examinées dans les documents La Théologie de la Divinité des Premiers Temps (No. 127) et également L’Immortalité (No. 165). Il est également important de comprendre que la doctrine de l’Immortalité de l’Âme était considérée comme une doctrine athée et blasphématoire. Cette vue était celle de Justin Martyr qui montre que, même lorsque le culte du dimanche a commencé à s’immiscer dans l’Église, comme ce fut le cas dès 150 EC (Ère Courante), les doctrines de la Divinité et de la résurrection sont restées centrales et intactes/inchangées. Ainsi, le Sabbat a été renié avant la Divinité et la résurrection, au tout début, dans les premiers temps. L’inverse devait se produire plus tard, lorsque la divinité a été mise en cause avant les positions touchant au Sabbat et à la Doctrine de l’Âme.

Anders Nygren (Agape and Eros, Tr. par Philip S. Watson, Harper Torchbooks, New York, 1969) comprenait le concept de la vie éternelle dans l’église quand il a dit :

L’ancienne Église se distingue et diffère surtout de l’Hellénisme par sa croyance en la Résurrection. La tradition Chrétienne affirmait la ‘Résurrection de la chair’, que les Apologistes utilisaient pour combattre la doctrine hellénistique de ‘l’Immortalité de l’âme’. L’antithèse était consciente et intentionnelle, car à aucun moment il ne s’agissait d’une opposition à l’esprit hellénistique qui animait les tout premiers Chrétiens. La doctrine platonicienne et hellénistique de l’Immortalité de l’âme apparaissait aux Apologistes comme une doctrine athée, impie et blasphématoire, qu’ils devaient avant tout attaquer et détruire (Justin Dial. lxxx. 3-4).

Leur devise à cet égard pourrait bien être les paroles de Tatian : ‘Pas Immortelle, Ô Grecs, est l’âme en soi, mais mortelle. Pourtant, il lui est possible de ne pas mourir (Tatian Oratio ad Graecos, xiii. 1).

La différence entre le Chrétien et le non-Chrétien, à cet égard, était si grande, que la croyance en la ‘Résurrection de la chair’ pourrait devenir un schibboleth. Celui qui croit en ‘l’Immortalité de l’âme’ montre ainsi qu’il n’est pas un Chrétien. Comme le dit Justin : ‘si vous rencontrez des gens qui se disent Chrétiens… et qui disent qu’il n’y a pas de résurrection des morts, mais que leur âme, après la mort, est emportée au ciel ; n’imaginez pas qu’ils sont Chrétiens.’ (Dial. lxxx. 4) (ibid., pp. 280-281).

Ainsi, l’Église niait l’Immortalité de l’Âme – l’Église était absolument des Unitariens subordinationistes. Non seulement l’église aurait rejeté la Trinité si cela avait été proposé à l’époque, mais l’église aurait peut-être aussi excommunié toute personne qui endossait/épousait cette doctrine ou tout Dithéisme évident dans les cercles gnostiques. L’Église était cependant très tolérante, étant d’avis que les hérésies étaient permises afin de montrer qui, dans l’Église, avait l’approbation de Dieu (1Cor. 11:19). Cela se faisait par l’étude (2Tim. 2:15, voir la Bible version KJV ; la version RSV dit Faites de votre mieux).

Ils considéraient aussi l’Ancien Testament comme étant les Écritures et le Nouveau Testament comme étant l’interprétation de ces Écritures. Ils observaient les Nouvelles Lunes et les Fêtes. Nous remarquons que la Pâque a fait l’objet d’une controverse au IIe siècle lorsque le système d’Easter/Pâques a été introduit et a commencé à supplanter la Pâque dans ce qui est devenu connu sous le nom de la controverse/dispute Quartodécimane (voir le document La Pâque (No. 098) et Les Disputes Quartodécimanes (No. 277) ).

L’Église a commencé à être persécutée et elle s’est retrouvée en grande partie à l’extérieur de l’Empire Romain. Elle se trouvait par conséquent en dehors de la portée de l’Église orthodoxe et ce, jusqu’à la conversion progressive des Ariens, qui a duré jusqu’au VIIIe siècle, et aussi à partir de l’établissement du Saint Empire Romain en l’an 590. Les persécutions de la foi ont duré tout au long de la période de pouvoir et de domination du Saint Empire Romain, allant de 590 à 1850 (voir le document La Distribution Générale des Églises observant le Sabbat (No. 122)).

Au cours des deux derniers siècles, l’Adventisme américain et les Églises de Dieu aux États-Unis ont mal appliqué les dates du Saint Empire Romain et la prophétie du temps, des temps et la moitié d’un temps ou 1260 jours. Cette fausse interprétation était en grande partie due à l’ignorance de l’histoire européenne et à une fausse prophétie auto-réalisatrice. Cette grave erreur a eu un effet significatif sur la fausse prophétie issue du mouvement de l’avènement (advent movement) de 1842-44. Cela a abouti/donné lieu à une autre fausse doctrine appelée le Jugement précédant l’Avènement (voir le document Le Jugement Précédant l’Avènement (No. 176)).

Les Inquisitions

Nous savons et ce, grâce aux témoignages des Inquisitions, quelles étaient les doctrines de l’Église lors des différentes étapes de sa propagation.

Nous pouvons dire avec certitude que l’église était appelée, par le système Catholique, par divers noms dans ses différents emplacements, pour déguiser/dissimuler la structure étendue et uniforme de ses doctrines. Cependant, les organisations de l’Église de Dieu avaient des opinions divergentes quant à son gouvernement et à son orientation (par exemple, les Presbytériens et les Épiscopaliens parmi les Vaudois de l’Occident). On sait qu’elle était appelée Cathare ou Cathari, d’où le terme les ‘Puritains’ en français. Elle était également appelée Bulgar, Khazzar, Vallenses, Albigeoise, Vaudoise, Sabbatharier, Sabbatati, Insabbatati, Passaginien, parmi d’autres noms. Le terme Sabbatharier semble être une expression signifiant Ariens qui observent le Sabbat.

Nous savons que les vues communes populaires étaient généralement comprises et reflétées dans la langue vernaculaire. Par exemple, le terme ‘poor bugger’ en anglais (pauvre bougre) est une expression commune pour transmettre la sympathie envers une personne malheureuse qui subit une épreuve ou un tourment. Cette expression est souvent une source de confusion pour les Américains modernes et même pour les Australiens, car les termes ‘bugger’ et ‘buggery’ ont des significations juridiques spécifiques liées à la sodomie. Le terme a cependant une autre signification qui montre son application aux élus durant les Inquisitions. Selon le Dictionnaire Oxford Universal Dictionary, le terme est dérivé du ‘moyen anglais’ et du terme français bougre et du latin Bulgarus ou Bulgare, c’est-à-dire hérétique (ou aussi usurier). Il était soi-disant utilisé comme faisant référence aux hérétiques, en particulier aux Albigeois. C’était sa première signification. Le deuxième sens, péjoratif, en rapport à la sodomie, a été un terme postérieur, plus tardif, datant de 1555, apparemment qui semble dénigrer la secte qui avait été persécutée pendant environ trois siècles. Le terme pauvre bougre ou pauvre bulgare, tel qu’appliqué aux Albigeois, est devenu ‘poor booger’ en anglais. L’utilisation en anglais de ‘bogle’ ou ‘boggle’ (frayeur) au Nord, autour de 1505, est d’origine incertaine mais le terme en est venu à être associé aux fantômes et, de là, il est devenu presque un nom propre pour le diable (d’où ‘bogieman’, etc.). Il est certain que le terme ‘poor bugger’ trouve son origine dans les Croisades Albigeoises. Cependant, on peut excuser à la personne qui se demanderait ce que les Bulgares ont à voir avec les Albigeois. La réponse est simple. Les Églises de Dieu, à partir de leurs branches dans ce qui est connu comme étant l’ère de Pergame (Apoc. 2:12ff.), appelées les Pauliciens, sont venues en Europe à partir des relocalisations sous Constantin Capronymous et Jean Tsimiskes (voir le document La Distribution Générale des Églises observant le Sabbat (No. 122)). Ces relocalisations en Thrace se sont étendues aux Bulgares, aux Slaves du Sud, notamment en Bosnie, ainsi qu’en Hongrie et en Roumanie. Ils se sont répandus vers l’Ouest et, à partir du XVe siècle, ils se sont joints avec les restes des Sabbatati vers l’Ouest, appelés Vallenses ou Vaudois. Nous pouvons dire et déterminer avec une certitude relative l’étendue de leurs doctrines, à partir du XIIIe siècle, et avec une certitude absolue ce qu’étaient les branches orientales, surtout en Hongrie et en Roumanie, du XVe au XIXe siècle.

Les Croisades Albigeoises

Le déroulement des croisades Albigeoises au XIIIe siècle est décrit dans le document La Distribution Générale des Églises observant le Sabbat (No. 122). Ces groupes étaient sans aucun doute des observateurs du Sabbat. Le désir de l’Église Catholique Romaine de déguiser/dissimuler ce fait a conduit à des revendications/affirmations extraordinaires quant à la dérivation linguistique du nom Sabbatati. Cependant, nous savons également qu’ils étaient Unitariens. On sait qu’ils existaient avant l’an 934, date à laquelle Atto, évêque de Vireulli, s’est plaint à leur sujet, comme d’autres l’avaient fait avant lui.

Ils ont d’abord été appelés Vallenses, en 1179, dans leur condamnation par Raymond de Daventry. Les aînés (anciens) ou barbes (oncles), Bernard de Raymond et Raymond de Baimiac, ont été condamnés en tant qu’hérétiques par Raymond de Daventry, en 1179, devant le Concile de Latran, non pas pour leur observance du Sabbat mais pour leur Unitarisme. Le traité, écrit contre eux en l’an 1180 par Bernard de Fontcaude, reprend alors le nom de Vallenses dans son titre, qui est Adversus Vallenses et Arianos. Ils étaient donc des non-Trinitaires subordinationistes. Cette œuvre de 1180 semble avoir disparu au cours de ce siècle-ci, mais l’ouvrage Liber Contra Vallenses écrit en 1190 par Bernard de Fontcaude existe toujours. Les Vallenses de cette époque semblent être des Unitariens et sont considérés comme distincts des Ariens. C’est une vue correcte et une sur laquelle l’Église de Dieu insiste. L’Arianisme, qui, selon les Catholiques, voit soi-disant l’Esprit Saint comme une création du Fils, est distinct de l’Unitarisme biblique. Ils sont tous deux considérés comme étant identiques ou une hérésie similaire par les Catholiques, qui peuvent aussi avoir inventé la doctrine de la création de l’Esprit par le fils, car il n’y a pas de trace de cette vue dans les textes attribués à Arius (voir aussi le document L’Arianisme et le Semi-Arianisme (No. 167)et Le Socinianisme, l’Arianisme et l’Unitarisme (No. 185)).

Les Albigeois n’étaient pas simplement une branche des Vallenses. Les Albigeois consistaient en deux branches/groupes, les Vallenses ou Vaudois et les Cathares ou Puritains locaux. Les Cathares avaient une conception du bien et du mal tout à fait distinctive et hérétique, fondée sur une forme de Gnosticisme et de Dualisme Manichéen. La distinction, parmi d’autres, est faite par Ray Roenfeldt dans sa thèse (An Historical Study of Christian Cosmic Dualism, Andrews University) (voir le document Le Végétarisme et la Bible (No. 183))La foi a souvent été attaquée par cette tendance dualiste. Là où l’Église était établie, de nombreux prétendus convertis parmi les ordres monastiques ont souvent développé des vues bizarres. Les Bogomiles en sont un exemple. Chez les Bogomiles et parmi les Bosniaques, l’ascétisme monastique s’accompagnait d’un dualisme hérétique et tentait de saper le corps général de la foi. Des erreurs apparaissent également dans les branches antérieures des Pauliciens. L’une de ces erreurs était celle des Melchisédékiens qui ont créé un autre ordre structuré développé à partir de la vue Unitarienne. Melchisédek était considéré comme le médiateur angélique et Christ comme le médiateur humain en dessous de lui. Les écrits Catholiques se sont attaqués à ces groupes hérétiques contemporains et les ont reliés à l’Église de l’époque. Ils attribuent ces vues erronées à l’Église, obscurcissant/occultant ainsi les véritables doctrines.

Toute la croisade des Albigeois a été lancée par Rome au XIIIe siècle contre ces deux éléments. Les Albigeois bénéficiaient de la protection de Raymond, Comte de Toulouse, dans le sud de la France. Les Vallenses ou Sabbatati étaient les plus nombreux et les plus répandus et s’étendaient jusqu’en Espagne. Nous pouvons reconstruire les doctrines des Vallenses à partir de la branche espagnole des Sabbatati en raison de l’intense persécution dont ils ont été victimes.

L’Inquisition Espagnole

L’Inquisition espagnole avait pour but de débarrasser le pays des Chrétiens dits Judaïsants. Ceux-ci étaient appelés Marranos (ou porcs). D’après les termes de l’Inquisition et les commentaires, nous savons non seulement qu’ils observaient le Sabbat, mais qu’ils niaient la Trinité également, qu’ils observaient les Jours Saints, y compris le Jour des Expiations, et qu’ils observaient les lois sur l’alimentation. L’Édit de la Foi montre les moyens par lesquels les hérétiques pouvaient être identifiés. Les Juifs et les Musulmans ont également été pris dans cette persécution, mais la persécution n’était pas dirigée contre eux mais contre l’Église de Dieu qu’ils ont aussi appelée Sabbatati, Insabbatati ou Insabathi. On cite le décret/édit d’Alphonse, roi d’Aragon, etc., expulsant les Vaudois ou Insabbatati d’Espagne à la page 20 (en anglais) du document La Distribution Générale des Églises observant le Sabbat (No. 122).

Dans son ouvrage The Spanish Inquisition (L’Inquisition Espagnole), Robert Hale Ltd, London, 1937, Cecil Roth a lancé un avertissement, dans la Préface, que l’histoire se répète et que le livre n’était pas conçu comme une satire de ce qui s’est passé alors en Europe. Les érudits juifs ont cherché à développer l’Inquisition espagnole comme une forme de persécution des juifs. La pire de ces déformations, malgré son exhaustivité totale, est peut-être l’ouvrage récent de B. Netanyahu (The Origins of the Spanish Inquisition in Fifteenth Century Spain, Random House, New York, 1995). Netanyahu tente de persuader le lecteur que l’objet des Inquisitions était la communauté juive, alors que c’est manifestement faux et que les spécialistes ont attaqué publiquement sa position. Les Rabbins de l’époque ont déclaré sans équivoque qu’ils n’étaient pas des Juifs mais Chrétiens. Ils n’étaient pas des Juifs déguisés/se faisant passer pour des Chrétiens. Ils étaient en fait l’Église de Dieu.

Le nombre de Tribunaux du Saint-Office en Espagne s’élevaient finalement à quinze. Ils existaient avec des effectifs complets de fonctionnaires et de matériel/équipement à Barcelone, Cordoue, Cuenca, Grenade, Llerana, Logrono, Madrid, Murcia, Santiago, Séville, Tolède, Valence, Valladolid et Sargasses. Un autre pour les îles Baléares était situé à Palma de Majorque.

Les secteurs/régions les plus horribles et les plus actives ont été Madrid, Séville et Tolède, en raison du nombre accru de Nouveaux Chrétiens (comme Roth les appelle), l’activité étant la plus grande dans la Vieille-Castille et en Andalousie, et diminuant après la première flambée frénétique pour être la plus faible en Catalogne (Roth, ibid., Ch. The Unholy Office, p. 73). Cela a finalement été coordonné à la fin du XVe siècle sous l’autorité du comité central d’El Consejo de la Suprema y General Inquisición dit La Suprema, qui était initialement confiné à la Castille. Avec les quatre grands Conseils d’État sous Ferdinand et Isabella, à savoir les Conseils d’État, des Finances, de Castille et d’Aragon, le Conseil de l’Inquisition a pris sa place en tant que l’exercice non négligeable du pouvoir royal (Roth, ibid. p. 74). En 1647, il fut ordonné que toutes les sentences de tous les tribunaux lui soient soumises pour contrôle. Il semble que cette mesure ait eu pour but ultime de freiner la sévérité indescriptible des persécutions locales. Cette sévérité provenait d’une erreur fondamentale de compréhension. Netanyahu fait référence à l’erreur (The Origins of the Spanish Inquisition in Fifteenth Century Spain, pp. 440-459) selon laquelle toutes les erreurs de l’esprit ont été jugées comme des hérésies, jugées contraire à la déclaration d’Augustin : Je peux me tromper, mais je ne suis pas hérétique (De Trinitate, c, 3, n. 5-6). Juan de Torquemada, l’Inquisiteur, a attaqué les procès de Tolède en raison de leur irrégularité manifeste et de leur antisémitisme délibéré et non biblique. Il considérait que l’affaire était au même niveau que celle de Haman contre Mardochée et les Juifs (ibid., p. 449). Il a ensuite été confronté au problème de la nature de Dieu tel qu’on le voit par les Vallenses. Les Tolédans avaient déclaré, comme on l’a vu ailleurs, comme une question de notoriété publique (publica fama) (et aussi à Valence comme nous le verrons) que les hérétiques pratiquent la circoncision, nient la vraie divinité de Christ, nient, en outre, la présence de son corps dans l’Eucharistie, etc. (ibid., p. 444). Les Tolédans n’avaient pas démontré, selon Torquemada, que les convertis ne pouvaient jamais être indiqués, soit par ses propres aveux volontaires ou par les déclarations de témoins innocents, pour avoir dit, après avoir reçu le baptême, qu’ils ne croyaient en rien d’autre, sauf en ce que croyait l’Église Mère elle-même (cf. Netanyahu, p. 444). Torquemada a qualifié cette accusation de fausse, mensongère et malveillante et qu’elle démontrait par elle-même la nullité de tout le procès (ibid., p. 445). Pourquoi devrait-il en être ainsi ? Nous savons sans aucun doute que les Vallenses ont pratiqué l’Unitarisme pendant des siècles. La distinction réside dans la divinité subordonnée de Christ. Ainsi, la divinité de Christ n’était pas niée. Mais il y avait quelque chose de plus en jeu ici. Torquemada a vu que les procès de Tolède étaient tout simplement antisémites et que ce racisme n’avait aucun fondement biblique. Il a dû donc dénoncer cette erreur dans les termes les plus forts qu’il pouvait. Le problème résidait également dans le fait que le soupçon et l’interrogatoire s’étendaient jusqu’à la quatrième génération des conversions. Il a attaqué cette prémisse du point de vue des conversions des autres éléments des Antitrinitaires, de ce qu’il a qualifié d’erreurs manichéennes chez les Bosniaques. Il était confronté au problème de la conversion de la royauté au sein du Saint Empire Romain. Torquemada dit :

À notre époque, ils s’étaient convertis du paganisme au Christianisme : l’illustre roi de Pologne, père du roi actuel, s’est converti du paganisme au christianisme, avec un grand nombre de nobles et une multitude innombrable [Wladislaw II, anciennement Jagellon, Grand-duc de Lituanie, converti lorsqu’il a été fait roi en 1386. Il était le père de Casimir IV, qui monta sur le trône en 1447]. Plus tard, à l’époque du pape Eugène IV, le roi de Bosnie, sa reine et de nombreux autres nobles se sont convertis au Christianisme après avoir abandonné les erreurs manichéennes [le roi Stephanus Thomas s’est converti au Catholicisme en 1445]. En outre, presque tous les jours, plusieurs Mahométans sont convaincus [de la vérité Chrétienne]. Ce serait un grand scandale et un sacrilège intolérable de dire que tous ces gens devraient être soupçonnés, au moins jusqu’à la quatrième génération, d’idolâtrie et des erreurs qu’eux et leurs pères avaient soutenues à un moment donné (Tractatus, p. 54-55; cf. Netanyahu, p. 452).

Torquemada avait écrit un pamphlet/tract contre le Bogomilisme bosniaque (Symbolum pro imformatione Manichaeorum, éd. N Lopez Martinez et V Proano Gil, 1958, p. 23, n. 68 et Netanyahu, n. 119). Nous voyons ici les effets du mélange du dualisme manichéen où les Pauliciens avaient établi la foi Unitarienne. À cette époque, l’Église a été contrainte d’entrer en Herzégovine et de poursuivre sa route vers le Nord (voir aussi le document La Distribution Générale des Églises observant le Sabbat (No. 122)). Le problème est évident, mais pas pour Netanyahu. Au XVe siècle, les Vallenses avaient été chassés si loin dans la clandestinité qu’ils avaient été exterminés de manière presque visible par la persécution. Les Tolédans, entre autres, étaient devenus si excessifs et tyranniques qu’ils utilisaient l’Inquisition pour l’extermination systématique des Sémites. Cela mettrait à mal et affaiblirait la situation et position des activités de l’église dans la consolidation de l’empire. Torquemada a été confronté à limiter les excès afin de permettre une certaine interaction stable au sein de l’empire et de faire en sorte que la conversion soit considérée comme un avantage pour ceux qui étaient la cible. Le racisme et l’avarice de l’Inquisition compromettaient cette carotte et, par là même, l’expansion. Torquemada a été assez malin pour savoir ce que le jugement de l’histoire serait. Il a dû ainsi freiner l’Inquisition. En l’occurrence, l’église a permis à celle-ci de continuer pendant trois siècles contre les processus et les doctrines mêmes dont l’existence était niée, en fin de compte, détruisant son propre pouvoir (voir Malachie Martin, Decline and Fall of the Roman Church, Secker and Warburg, London, pp. 254 et suiv.).

Les preuves tirées des Édits

Lors de la mise en place d’une Inquisition par secteur, une procédure d’Édits était suivie. Après qu’un Décret/Édit de Grâce a été publié, encourageant les hérétiques à se manifester et à se confesser, généralement pendant trente ou quarante jours (Roth, p. 75), l’Inquisition purgerait ensuite la région. Cela a enclenché une chaîne de processus d’incrimination. La phase suivante est la publication périodique d’un Édit de la Foi, qui permettait d’identifier les types ou les indicateurs d’hérésies, qui devaient être dénoncés. Le système Confessionnel a ensuite mis en œuvre le mal.

L’Édit de la Foi a été publié à Valence en 1519 par Andres de Palacio, Inquisiteur de Valence, et a été publié par Roth. Il ressort de cet Édit une série générale de faits et de superstitions qui identifiaient trois groupes de personnes. Le premier était constitué par les Chrétiens qui adhéraient aux dites tendances judaïsantes. Le deuxième groupe était des Juifs eux-mêmes et le troisième groupe était constitué des Musulmans. Il est évident, d’après l’Édit, que l’hérésie avait pénétré l’église elle-même, car les paroles prononcées au cours de l’Eucharistie étaient spécifiquement identifiées comme un indicateur de l’hérésie dans l’Édit. De même, la Croix ou le Signe de la Croix n’étaient pas utilisés par les Sabbatati. Il ressort de l’examen de l’Édit que le groupe avait rejeté/nié [la doctrine de] l’Âme et les doctrines du Ciel et de l’Enfer. Ils observaient le Sabbat du coucher du soleil le vendredi au coucher du soleil le samedi, ne faisant aucun travail le jour du Sabbat. Ils célébraient la fête des Pains sans Levain et la Pâque avec des herbes amères. Ils jeûnaient le jour des Expiations (Roth, p. 77 et suiv.).

Les points de vue généraux et l’observance des Juifs ont été inclus dans la liste figurant dans l’Édit, de sorte que les systèmes ont été mélangés, rendant difficile d’identifier exactement les distinctions entre eux. Ils observaient les lois sur l’alimentation et aussi enterraient leurs morts selon la coutume juive. Une grande partie de l’Édit comprend des superstitions attribuées aux sectes (e.g. p. 78). Ils niaient la Mariolâtrie et celle-ci était regroupée avec le déni judaïque du Messie.

La doctrine de la Transsubstantiation était rejetée/niée comme l’était la forme Catholique de la doctrine de l’Omniprésence, qui était un Animisme platonicien (p. 78). Les prêtres semblaient être impliqués et étaient identifiés dès la consécration. Les Chrétiens semblaient se vêtir comme les Juifs en adhérant aux lois régissant les tissus (p. 79). Ils se réunissaient dans des églises de maison et lisaient les Bibles en langue vernaculaire. Les biens/la propriété des hérétiques étaient confisqués, ce qui contribue sans doute au zèle des Inquisiteurs.

Roth rapporte l’ouverture de l’Office à Lisbonne avant qu’il n’ait été transformé en un bâtiment de Théâtre d’Opéra. Les récits des témoins oculaires (imprimés dans le Registre Annuel de 1821) montrent sans aucun doute que des restes humains ont été trouvés dans les donjons/cachots, qui étaient en usage (d’après une inscription sur un mur du donjon) jusqu’en 1809. Il s’agissait de moines dont les vêtements ont été retrouvés parmi les restes humains et autres restes gisant dans les étages des donjons et parmi les preuves de meurtres, à la fois anciens et récents, qui y ont été commis (Roth, p. 84-85).

Des intervalles de trois à quatre ans entre l’arrestation et la condamnation étaient monnaie courante et, dans un cas répertorié, quatorze ans se sont écoulés. Les femmes enceintes étaient traînées sur le bûcher et les mauvais traitements infligés aux prisonniers, ou peut-être l’interaction avec eux, ont incité le cardinal Ximenes, en 1512, à menacer de mort tout fonctionnaire surpris à entretenir des intrigues avec ses prisonniers. Les dépenses à l’emprisonnement étaient prises en charge par l’accusé, quelle que soit la durée de celui-ci. Un exemple des dépenses encourues lors de l’incarcération de quatre ans d’une religieuse en Sicile, acquittée et libérée en 1703, étaient encore payées par ses héritiers en 1872 (Roth, p. 87). Normalement, les actifs/biens étaient confisqués au moment de l’arrestation.

Les Marranos ou Nouveaux Chrétiens ne pouvaient être acceptés comme témoins dans aucune procédure. La rétention des noms des témoins a été introduite au XIIIe siècle, soi-disant pour protéger les faibles contre les puissants, mais cette pratique est devenue la norme et personne ne pouvait connaître les noms de ses accusateurs. (Roth fait remarquer à juste titre que même jusqu’en 1836, en Angleterre, les criminels accusés ne pouvaient pas avoir un avocat ni voir des copies des dépositions faites contre eux.) L’époque elle-même était barbare et l’Inquisition était le pire de cette barbarie.

Les Inquisitions européennes ont commencé dans le sud de la France au XIIIe siècle et se sont terminées dans les États pontificaux en 1846. Entre 1823 et 1846, dans les États pontificaux seuls, 200 000 personnes ont été condamnées à mort, à l’emprisonnement à vie, à l’exil ou aux galères, et 1,5 millions d’autres ont été placées sous surveillance (voir Malachie Martin, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Church, p. 254, et le document La Distribution Générale des Églises observant le Sabbat (No. 122), p. 29 pour les citations). Roth cite le désespoir des individus dès le début, au XIIIe siècle, dans le sud de la France.

Écoutez-moi, mes seigneurs ! Je ne suis pas hérétique : car j’ai une femme et je vis avec elle et nous avons des enfants, je mange de la chair, je mens et je jure, et je suis un fidèle Chrétien (Roth, p. 90).

Cette négation des éléments de célibat et d’ascétisme végétarien était nécessaire parce que les dualistes Manichéens connus sous le nom de Cathares ou Puritains, qui recherchaient la purification par l’ascétisme, étaient une secte hérétique qui a fini par attirer la persécution sur les Vallenses ou Sabbatati. Les dualistes Manichéens étaient distincts des Vallenses et c’est la distinction Cathares-Vallenses reconnue mais incorrectement identifiée par Weber. Les lois bibliques étaient continuellement suivies et observées par les Sabbatati. Leur culte était en secret et il est donc difficile de l’identifier avec précision. Cependant, nous savons qu’ils suivaient et observaient le Sabbat, et la pleine mesure/étendue de leur culte est identifiée à partir des branches orientales des Sabbatati.

Les Sabbatati de l’Europe de l’Est

Nous savons précisément quelles étaient les doctrines des églises hongroises et transylvaniennes du quinzième au dix-neuvième siècle. La preuve documentaire a été préservée par le docteur Samuel Kohn, Grand Rabbin de Budapest, en Hongrie, dans l’ouvrage DIE SABBATHARIER IN SIEBENBURGEN Ihre Geschicte, Literatur, und Dogmatik, Budapest, Verlag von Singer & Wolfer, 1894, Leipzig, Verlag von Franz Wagner. Ces points sont énumérés dans le document La Distribution Générale des Églises observant le Sabbat (No. 122)). La structure entière est inscrite dans le livre The Sabbatarians in Transylvania, par Samuel Kohn, tr. T. McElwain et B. Rook, éd. W. Cox, CCG Publishing, USA 1998.

Nous savons avec certitude que cette branche des Vallenses ou Sabbatati était Unitarienne car Frances David ou Davidis est mort en prison en 1579. Kohn dit qu’ils ont rétabli le Christianisme original et véritable (Kohn, p. 8). En 1579, l’Église Unitarienne s’est divisée entre les adeptes du dimanche et les fidèles du Sabbat. La branche du Sabbat sous Eossi était la plus fidèle à la vérité.

  1. Ils pratiquaient le baptême adulte.
  2. Ils observaient les Sabbats et les Jours Saints, notamment la Pâque, les Pains sans Levain, la Pentecôte, le Jour des Expiations, les Tabernacles et le Dernier Grand Jour et, surtout plus important encore, les Nouvelles Lunes. La Fête des Trompettes n’est pas inscrite séparément dans le livre/recueil de cantiques et semble avoir été célébrée avec les hymnes de la Nouvelle Lune.
  3. Leurs doctrines englobaient le Millenium physique de 1000 ans au commencement duquel Christ reviendra et réunira à nouveau Juda et Israël.
  4. Ils utilisaient le calendrier de Dieu basé sur les Nouvelles Lunes.
  5. Ils enseignaient deux résurrections, l’une à la vie éternelle, lors du retour de Christ, et l’autre au jugement, à la fin du Millenium/Millénaire.
  6. Ils enseignaient le salut par la grâce mais que les lois devaient toujours être suivies et observées.
  7. Ils soutenaient que Dieu appelle les gens et que le monde est en général aveuglé.
  8. Leur doctrine de Christ était absolument Unitarienne subordinationiste.

(Voir le document La Distribution Générale des Églises observant le Sabbat (No. 122)).

On peut ainsi constater que l’Église primitive du Sabbat était Unitarienne et observait les lois de l’Ancien Testament. Le Sabbat n’était simplement qu’une facette de leur système de croyance qui pointait vers l’adoration de Celui qui est l’Unique Véritable Dieu. Ils ont été persécutés en Europe de l’Est pour leur Unitarisme plus que pour leur observance du Sabbat (Francis Davidis a choisi de rester en prison, où il est mort, plutôt que de compromettre sa foi Unitarienne, bien que Socinus, lui-même un Unitarien, a essayé de le persuader de modifier son Unitarisme rigide pour sauver sa vie). Le statut d’église leur a été refusé alors que même les Juifs se voyaient accorder ce statut. On leur refusait l’accès à la presse à imprimer et ils rédigeaient donc leurs sermons à la main, dans le style lettre-chaîne. L’Inquisition a été impitoyable dans sa suppression de ce système et, en Occident, le seul fait d’observer le Sabbat suffit à les faire exécuter.

La croissance de l’Unitarisme

Avec la Réforme, l’Unitarisme a commencé à croître, à se développer et ne s’est pas limité aux seuls observateurs du Sabbat. Autrement dit, tous les Unitariens n’étaient pas tous de vrais membres des Églises de Dieu, tout comme tous ceux qui observent le Sabbat ne sont pas tous de vrais membres.

Le terme Unitarisme est un mot français qui provient du latin unitarius. Il a été  utilisé pour la première fois pour désigner une religion légalisée en 1600 (Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics (ERE), art. Unitarianism, Vol. 12, p. 519). Il est spécifiquement fondé sur la conception de la personnalité unique de la Déité, par opposition à la doctrine orthodoxe de Sa nature triune. Le terme correspondant Trinitaire a été utilisé pour la première fois dans le sens moderne par Servetus en 1546 (ibid.). L’adjectif Unitarien a parfois été employé au-delà des limites du Christianisme (par exemple, l’Islam et le Judaïsme sont également Unitariens dans leur base).

Le texte grec du Nouveau Testament a été publié par Erasmus (1516).

Son omission du célèbre verset Trinitaire [1Jean 5:7], et son aversion pour les types scolastiques d’argumentation ont produit un effet marqué sur de nombreux esprits (ERE, ibid.).

La production du Nouveau Testament par Erasmus a incité les gens familiers avec le grec à commencer à examiner les prémisses sur lesquelles le Trinitarisme orthodoxe avait été établi. Ce qui est plus important encore, les gens en Europe avaient la liberté d’être plus ouverts et l’Inquisition limitée. Des érudits ont commencé à voir que la Bible n’était pas Trinitaire et soutenait même l’Unitarisme. Les premières œuvres formelles anti-Trinitaires imprimées sur le Continent (par opposition aux enseignements des églises avant la Réforme et la presse imprimerie) ont été celles de Martin Cellarius (1499-1564), élève de Reuchlin et premier disciple et ami de Luther (ERE, ibid., pp. 519-520). Dans son ouvrage de Operibus Dei, il applique le terme deus à Christ, dans le même sens que celui dans lequel les Chrétiens pourraient aussi être appelés dei comme ‘fils du Très-Haut’ (ibid.). Si l’on se réfère au document La Théologie de la Divinité des Premiers Temps (No. 127) on constate que ce concept est tiré directement d’Irénée et des premiers disciples des apôtres et des apôtres eux-mêmes. Cela a fait grand bruit, tout un émoi, et la communauté académique moderne s’est engagée dans le débat suite aux travaux de Servitus en 1531. À Naples, un Espagnol, John Valdes, a fondé et débuté un groupe religieux pour l’étude des Saintes Écritures et ce, jusqu’à sa mort en 1541 (ERE, ibid., p. 520). Notez ici le nom Valdes. Cet homme semble avoir été un Vaudois espagnol d’après son nom et sa théologie (voir aussi le document La Distribution Générale des Églises observant le Sabbat (No. 122)). En 1539, Melancthon a averti le Sénat Vénétien à propos du Servétianisme répandu en Italie du nord (ibid.). De ce groupe, Bernard Ochino (1487-1565) de Siena est passé lentement par la Suisse et il est allé jusqu’à Londres, où il a servi en tant que membre dans une des Églises des Étrangers [Strangers Church] (1550-1553), jusqu’à ce qu’elle soit dissoute/démantelée par la Reine Marie dans sa tentative de restaurer le Catholicisme. Ochino a été expulsé de Zurich et il a émigré en Pologne, où il a rejoint les anti-Trinitaires. En 1539, Catherine Vogel, la femme d’un bijoutier, avait été brulée à l’âge de 80 ans, à Cracovie, pour le fait d’avoir cru en ‘l’existence d’un unique Dieu, créateur de tout le monde visible et invisible, qui ne pouvait pas être conçu par l’intellect humain’ (ibid.). Ce mouvement constitue l’œuvre en Europe pendant la période que nous identifions comme l’ère Thyatirienne. Un mouvement anti-Trinitaire se manifeste aussi au deuxième synode de l’Église reformée en 1556 et, en 1558, le Piedmontais George Blandrata en devient le leader, le chef. Les Anabaptistes hollandais étaient aussi Unitariens, sous la direction de David Joris de Delft (1501-1556). Ces Unitariens ont été aussi appelés, de façon générale, des Protestants. L’Encyclopédie ERE dit que :

Des milliers de Protestants d’Allemagne, d’Alsace et des Pays Bas ont émigré en Angleterre durant le règne d’Henry VIII et l’Église des Étrangers [Strangers Church], sous Edouard VI, comptait également des Français, des Wallons, des Italiens et des Espagnols (ERE, ibid., p. 520).

Ces gens se sont réfugiés en Angleterre avec l’aide de l’Église Unitarienne locale. Celle-ci était la véritable Église de Dieu. À partir du quinzième siècle, l’Angleterre était devenue plus ouverte à l’expression publique, grâce aux publications de Richard Peacock, évêque de Chichester. Les Lollards et les Anabaptistes ont divergé à ce moment-là.

Le 28 décembre 1548, un prêtre nommé John Assheton a renoncé devant Cranmer aux ‘hérésies condamnables’ selon lesquelles ‘le Saint-Esprit n’est pas Dieu, mais seulement une certaine puissance du Père’ et que ‘Jésus Christ, conçu de la Vierge Marie, était un saint prophète…, mais n’était pas le véritable Dieu vivant’. En avril suivant, une commission a été nommée pour rechercher tous les Anabaptistes, hérétiques ou adeptes de la Prière Commune. Un certain nombre de marchands/commerçants de Londres ont été traduits devant cet organisme en mai (ERE, ibid.).

Ils étaient Unitariens. Ni le Binitarisme, ni le Dithéisme n’étaient en évidence pendant cette phase de l’Église et au cours de ses persécutions. Ce n’était pas une doctrine. Le chirurgien George van Parris de Mainz a été exécuté en 1551 pour avoir affirmé que Dieu le Père était l’unique Dieu et que Christ n’était pas le Dieu (ERE, op. cit.). Le mouvement Unitarien en Pologne, quand Blandrata y arriva en 1558, faisait déjà partie du synode Protestant mais il en a été exclu sept ans plus tard. Ils ont refusé d’être appelés par tout autre nom que Chrétien (ERE, ibid.). Faustus Socinus (1539-1604), neveu de Lelius Socinus (1525-1562) de Sienne (Siena), qui était un ami de Calvin et de Melancthon, a visité l’Angleterre et s’est rendu en Pologne. Il visita Blandrata en Transylvanie en 1578, argumentant contre Francis David qui rejetait toute forme de culte adressée à Christ. Il s’est installé en Pologne en 1579. C’est de lui que sont nommés les Sociniens. Cependant, ils le précèdent de loin, faisant déjà partie de l’Église que nous comprenons comme Vaudoise. Cet aspect a été traité dans le document Le Socinianisme, l’Arianisme et l’Unitarisme (No. 185)).

L’Église Unitarienne polonaise a été persécutée jusqu’à l’extinction par l’Église Catholique (voir ERE, op. cit.). Socinus a admis l’application du terme Dieu à Christ mais dans un sens inférieur. En effet, ce sens a été celui utilisé par Irénée, comme nous le voyons dans le document La Théologie de la Divinité des Premiers Temps (No. 127).

Francis David (ou Davidis) des Églises hongroises en Transylvanie a été emprisonné dans le château de Deva pour avoir refusé de prier ou de rendre un culte à Christ. Il y est mort en novembre 1579. À partir de l’histoire bien documentée de ses successeurs, Eossi et d’autres, nous savons qu’ils étaient non seulement Unitariens mais qu’ils observaient également le Sabbat, les Nouvelles Lunes et les Jours Saints. La Fête des Trompettes était célébrée dans le livre/recueil de cantiques comme une Nouvelle Lune et les hymnes pour la Nouvelle Lune prévalaient plutôt que des hymnes spéciaux pour les Trompettes en tant que Fête (voir le document La Distribution Générale des Églises observant le Sabbat (No. 122)).

Le nom Unitarius a été utilisé pour la première fois comme mot par Melius et est apparu pour la première fois sur un document dans le décret du Synode de Lecsfalva en 1600. Il a été formellement adopté par l’Église en 1638. Les Églises hongroises ont été persécutées pendant deux siècles après cette date et leurs biens/propriétés ont été confisquées. Au début de ce siècle (1900), leurs descendants avaient 140 églises parmi les Szeklers de Transylvanie et quelques-unes en Hongrie. Leur livre de cantiques de 1865 ne prévoyait pas le culte à Christ (ERE, ibid.). Ceux qui subsistent aujourd’hui du peuple véritable et fidèle de l’Église sont les Transcarpathiens qui sont toujours des Unitariens qui observent le Sabbat.

En Angleterre, la croissance de l’Unitarisme est née du désir de rétablir/restaurer la véritable foi apostolique. Il était évident pour les meilleurs esprits anglais que le Nouveau Testament n’était pas Trinitaire mais Unitarien et ces hommes éminents ont entrepris la tâche de rétablir les enseignements originaux de l’Église. Le point de départ peut être attribué à Richard Hooker (1553-1600) et à John Hales (1584-1656). La restriction de la définition des mystères de la Divinité aux Écritures seules est devenue la question centrale. Les œuvres de William Chillingworth (1602-1644) sont au cœur de cette question. Chillingworth a été influencé par Lord Falkland, un Unitarien de premier plan. Les œuvres de Grotius sont muettes sur la nature triune et (selon Stephen Nye, dans son ouvrage Brief History of the Unitarians also called Socinians, London, 1687) il dit avoir interprété ses œuvres selon les lignes/principes Unitariens ou selon l’esprit des Sociniens (ERE, p. 522).

Paul Best (1590-1657) s’est converti lors de son voyage en Pologne. Milton a aussi été influencé par les Unitariens transylvaniens (voir Aereopagitica, London, 1644 – cité de ERE, ibid.). En juin 1640, Les Convocations de Canterbury et de York interdisaient l’importation de livres Unitariens (Sociniens) et le Parlement a fait de la négation de la Trinité un crime capital en 1648. Cependant, John Biddle (1616-1662), désigné souvent comme le père de l’Unitarisme anglais, a publié l’ouvrage A Twofold Scripture Catechism (Un Catéchisme des Écritures à deux volets) en 1654. L’Unitarisme est devenu généralisé en Angleterre, au XVIIe siècle. Le Professeur Bronowski, dans la série télévisée The Ascent of Man (L’Ascension de l’Homme), va jusqu’à dire que la Révolution Industrielle a été un produit des penseurs Unitariens. Malgré son emprisonnement et son exil dans les Îles Scilly (1654-1658), Biddle a rassemblé des disciples. La mort de Biddle en 1662 et l’Acte d’Uniformité ont mis un terme au mouvement en tant qu’organisation pour le culte. Cependant, les demandes/exigences de l’intention littérale des Saintes Écritures ont conduit tous les grands penseurs de l’époque à rejeter le Trinitarisme. Milton en faisait partie. Thomas Firmin (1632-1697), un riche négociant en tissus, a promu et encouragé la littérature de 1691-1705. Le Parlement a tenté de la supprimer. Cependant, les grands philosophes sont entrés dans l’arène en la personne de John Locke (1632-1704). Sir Isaac Newton avait également suivi Milton dans l’Unitarisme, suite à un examen des Saintes Écritures. Ces grands penseurs ont été suivis par William Whiston (1672-1752) qui a succédé à Newton à Cambridge, en tant que professeur Lucasien en 1703 et qui a été privé de sa chaire en 1710 à cause de son Unitarisme. Le traité de Samuel Clarke (1675-1729) intitulé The Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity (la Doctrine Biblique de la Trinité) a également joué un rôle important dans l’exposition de ce problème. L’objection à la co-éternalité du fils y était faite pour la première fois, introduisant une position quasi-Binitaire. Lorsque l’Académie de Manchester (plus tard l’Université de Manchester Oxford) a été ouverte en 1786, son premier principal fut Thomas Barnes, qui était un Unitarien.

L’Université Presbytérienne à Carmarthen était le continuateur d’une série d’académies, dont la première a été fondée par Samuel Jones, jadis un membre de l’Université Jesus College d’Oxford et l’un des 2000 ministres expulsés en 1662 (ERE, p. 523).

D’autres Unitariens étaient Joseph Priestly (1733-1804). L’ami de Priestly, Theophilus Lindsey (1723-1808), a démissionné de son poste de curé de Catterick sur les Tees, après l’échec d’une pétition Parlementaire et il a ouvert une chapelle Unitarienne sur la rue Essex, à Strand, en 1774. Il s’agit de la première chapelle depuis de nombreuses années – peut-être depuis la suppression de l’Église des Étrangers (Strangers Church).

Il a utilisé la liturgie anglicane adaptée à l’adoration du Père seul. La nomination de Thomas Belsham (1750-1829) en 1789 à un poste de professeur/tuteur de théologie à une université d’Hackney a promu la cause Unitarienne en ouvrant simplement les Saintes Écritures à l’étude. Cela s’est fait par le biais de The Unitarian Society for promoting Christian knowledge and the Practice of Virtue by the Distribution of Books (la Société Unitarienne pour promouvoir la connaissance Chrétienne et la pratique de la Vertu par la distribution de Livres). Lindsey, Priestly et Belsham étaient ses leaders/dirigeants. En 1813, grâce aux efforts de William Smith (1756-1835), un membre du Parlement pour Norwich et grand-père de Florence Nightingale, l’abrogation des clauses de l’Acte de Tolérance qui rendaient illégale la profession de l’Unitarisme a permis à l’Unitarisme de progresser. L’Unitarisme de ces gens niait également la Doctrine de l’Âme (voir ERE, p. 524). Thomas Southwood Smith (1788-1861) a également inculqué ses idéaux Unitariens à Byron, Moore, Wordsworth et Crabbe.

Les opinions de Smith avaient déjà été exprimées par l’un des aumôniers de Cromwell auparavant (ERE, ibid.). Les batailles juridiques du XVIIIe siècle ont vu des changements dans la loi touchant les fiducies des Églises. Ceux-ci ont aussi eu un impact profond sur la façon dont les Églises Unitariennes se sont organisées.

L’Unitarisme moderne tel que celui promu par James Martineau (1805-1900) et l’école moderne sapent la fonction Messianique de Jésus Christ et n’est pas entièrement basé sur les Saintes Écritures mais sur l’interprétation des Saintes Écritures par la raison. Son exposition de la reconstruction Tübingen des origines du Christianisme, publiée dans la revue Westminster Review (Revue de Westminster) et mentionnée dans l’Encyclopédie ERE (p. 525) est importante, tout comme l’est sa défense philosophique de la communion de l’esprit humain avec le Divin. L’Unitarisme radical cherche à tort à nier l’existence pré-incarnée de Christ.

John James Tayler (1797-1869) a produit la première discussion formelle sur la question Johannine en Angleterre dans l’ouvrage Attempt to ascertain the character of the Fourth Gospel (Tentative de vérifier le caractère du Quatrième Évangile) (London, 1867). Une longue série d’érudits avaient plaidé pour la révision du texte et du Nouveau Testament, et George Vance Smith a été invité à se joindre aux Réviseurs de la Bible (1870). L’érudit Unitarien James Drummond (1835-1918) était un théologien érudit qui a produit des ouvrages importants sur le Messie Juif dans l’ouvrage  The Jewish Messiah (1877), Philo Judaeus (1888) et Inquiry into the Character and Authorship of the Fourth Gospel (Enquête sur le Caractère et le Droit d’Auteur du Quatrième Évangile) (1903). John Relly Beard (1800-1876) a ouvert la voie aux dictionnaires modernes de la Bible avec son People’s Dictionary of the Bible (Dictionnaire Populaire de la Bible). Il y a eu d’autres Unitariens importants comme Edgar Taylor, Samuel Sharpe, H. A. Bright, William Rathbone Greg, Francis William Newman, Frances Power Cobbe, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Theodore Parker et Max Müller. L’Encyclopédie ERE donne également des informations sur les églises et leur distribution. Certains des plus grands penseurs des temps modernes, lorsqu’ils examinent la Bible pour son intention sans la théologie grecque des écoles d’Alexandrie et de Cappadoce, ont embrassé l’Unitarisme comme étant le système biblique original.

Le mouvement Seventh Day Baptist (Baptiste du Septième Jour)

Les Unitariens Sabbatariens sont devenus visibles en Angleterre au XVIIe siècle, bien que certains voient une continuité historique depuis des temps bien plus anciens. La théologie purement biblique était à la base du mouvement Traskite dirigé par John Traske, autour de 1616, à Londres. Hamlet Jackson a introduit le Sabbat dans le groupe par l’étude de la Bible. L’interprétation littérale des Saintes Écritures a conduit ce groupe Puritain aux lois lévitiques sur l’alimentation également. On pense que ses disciples ont formé le noyau de l’église Baptiste Sabbatarienne de Mill Yard, tandis que d’autres verraient ses origines dans des mouvements antérieurs. L’église est devenue plus en vue/importante en 1661, en raison de la prédication de John James à propos de la Cinquième Monarchie ; il a été exécuté pour trahison. L’église avait été influencée non seulement par la synagogue juive d’Amsterdam, mais aussi par le mouvement messianique populaire de Sabbetai Zwi. L’église, comme de nombreux Baptistes Généraux de l’époque, était profondément Unitarienne, comme le montrent des auteurs tels qu’Edouard Elwall, au début des années 1700. Le calendrier biblique et la célébration de la Pâque le 14 Nissan se poursuivent aujourd’hui, bien qu’avec la mort du Pasteur Albourne Peat, le témoignage Unitarien ait commencé à s’estomper (en 1992).

Bien que les preuves historiques manquent, il est probable que la plupart, sinon la totalité, des autres premières églises Baptistes du Septième Jour, en Angleterre, étaient également Unitariennes. La première exception claire a été l’église de Pinner’s Hall, fondée par Frances Bampfield, en 1676. Cette église était d’inspiration Calviniste, et bien que Bampfield n’ait pas tout à fait une vue Trinitaire, il n’était certainement pas Unitarien. L’amalgamation des Baptistes Particuliers et Généraux a brouillé les cartes des origines Unitariennes des Baptistes Sabbatariens. Les Trinitaires ont été plus directs et entreprenants dans la production de déclarations de croyances, de sorte que les documents ne reflètent pas la ténacité de la position Unitarienne. Les Unitariens ont eu tendance à ignorer discrètement les déclarations de croyance. En effet, encore aujourd’hui, Mill Yard n’accepte rien d’autre que les Dix Commandements, avec l’ajout de quelques textes de soutien (Seventh Day Baptists in Europe and America, Vol. 1, American Sabbath Tract Society, Plainfield, New Jersey, 1910, pp. 25-113).

C’est l’erreur majeure ou fondamentale de la foi Baptiste du Septième Jour. En ne produisant pas de déclarations de croyance détaillées, ils n’ont pas pu adéquatement publier de déclarations claires. Il n’était donc pas possible de publier des déclarations détaillées et répandues. Ils ont échoué à mettre à profit leur liberté religieuse et à développer un enseignement doctrinal solide sur la nature de Dieu.

L’Unitarisme et l’observance du Sabbat

Les premiers Unitarismes étaient, presque sans exception, accompagnés par l’observance du Sabbat, car tous deux découlaient du principe de l’interprétation littérale de la Bible. Jusqu’à la Réforme, le Trinitarisme n’était jamais accompagné par l’observation du Sabbat. Après la Réforme, c’est devenu un fait que certains Trinitaires observaient le Sabbat et que certains Unitariens observaient le dimanche, mais pas en règle générale. L’Unitarisme moderne qui observe le dimanche est aussi aberrant que tout autre système observant le dimanche.

En Asie

L’expérience du Sabbat en Asie était principalement non-Trinitaire, jusqu’à ce que les Jésuites commencent leur travail de missionnaires. Les Nestoriens et les missionnaires africains (voir le document La Distribution Générale des Églises observant le Sabbat (No. 122)) ont suivi l’église primitive jusqu’en Perse, en Inde et ensuite en Chine. L’observance du Sabbat Unitarien représentait une menace sérieuse pour le Bouddhisme et était proscrite par le Bouddhisme. En règle générale, les églises qui observent le Sabbat en Asie étaient aussi, non-Trinitaires. Elles observaient les lois sur l’alimentation et refusaient et rejetaient également la confession et le purgatoire. Les divisions de ces églises ont suivi, pour l’essentiel, les Conciles de Constantinople et de Chalcédoine.

Les Chinois connaissaient depuis longtemps le système Chrétien et, comme ailleurs, le Sabbat était un signe d’une interprétation littérale de la Bible. En l’an 781, il était déjà bien établi (voir le document La Distribution Générale des Églises observant le Sabbat (No. 122)). L’observance du Sabbat a été courante et bien établie en Chine et ce, jusqu’à la montée de la Rébellion Taiping de 1850 (ibid.).

L’expérience des États-Unis

Les Églises de Dieu qui observent le Sabbat aux États-Unis sont bien documentées et ne seront pas traitées ici. Les Églises de Dieu se sont développées à partir du système d’église anglais et de l’influence européenne.

Adventisme du Septième Jour

Le mouvement Adventiste du Septième Jour était majoritairement et officiellement Unitarien jusqu’en 1931, à la mort d’Uriah Smith. Mais l’adoption officielle a été longue à venir et a émané du ministère. Les penseurs Unitariens Adventistes étaient James White, R. F. Cottrell sénior et fils, D. T. Bordeau jusqu’à sa démission, D. M. Canright, J. N. Andrews, Loughborough, John Matteson, A. C. Bordeau, A. T. Jones, W. W. Prescott et Uriah Smith.

Les autres mouvements Adventistes étaient :

  1. Les Adventistes Évangéliques (Evangelical Adventists) et
  2. Les Chrétiens de l’Avènement (Advent Christians).

Ils ont tous mal compris la nature de la résurrection et du jugement. Ces deux-là étaient des Millénaristes d’interprétation littérale en suivant les textes bibliques, tandis que les Adventistes du Septième Jour retenaient/suivaient le Millénarisme céleste.

L’Adventisme étaient officiellement et généralement Unitarien biblique jusqu’en 1931, date à laquelle l’influence d’Uriah Smith a cessé et les Trinitaires, présents depuis longtemps en son sein, ont commencé à prendre le contrôle. Uriah Smith a été qualifié d’Arien par ses successeurs.

Ellen G. White a soi-disant été parmi les premiers à introduire des concepts Trinitaires à l’Adventisme du Septième jour dans l’ouvrage Desire of Ages (Désir des Âges) (1898, p. 530), apparemment non édité et contre l’avis express de l’église (selon The Spirit of prophecy de M. L. Andreasen, discours du 30 novembre 1948). Il y avait d’autres écoles de pensée adventistes.

  1. L. Andreasen (ibid.) dit qu’ils ont soupçonné qu’il s’agissait d’une erreur d’édition, mais il s’est déplacé pour lui parler et a confirmé que c’était bien le cas. Il ne l’a produit qu’en 1948. Compte tenu des opinions et des doctrines des anciens de l’église jusqu’en 1931, ce texte a été soupçonné d’être une édition frauduleuse. La Christian Connection, dont James White était issu, était Unitarienne. Par la suite, ils se sont joints à d’autres pour devenir l’église United Church of Christ (l’Église Unie de Christ). Les doctrines étaient plus bibliques que celles de ce qui est devenu l’Église Unitarienne Universaliste. Cette église n’a aucun lien réel avec les doctrines Unitariennes subordinationistes des églises qui observent le Sabbat.

L’Église Adventiste était Unitarienne, ou comme les Adventistes le disent maintenant, Arienne, jusqu’en 1931. Cependant, l’Arianisme tel qu’il est défini par les Trinitaires proclame l’Esprit comme une création du fils. Cette doctrine pourrait bien être une invention des premiers Trinitaires, car ce que nous avons des commentaires d’Arius ne contient aucune trace de cette doctrine. Cependant, tel qu’il est défini par les Trinitaires, l’Arianisme n’est pas l’Unitarisme biblique, ni la doctrine soutenue/défendue par Smith ou par aucune des ères de l’église, y compris l’église Church of God (Seventh Day) (l’Église de Dieu (Septième Jour)) ou les églises ultérieures.

Il est important de noter que la dénomination Seventh Day Adventist (Adventiste du Septième Jour) n’est devenue officiellement Trinitaire qu’après la publication de Questions on Doctrine (Questions sur la doctrine) en 1958. Andreasen a écrit une série de lettres en protestation contre cette adoption définitive. Il y a donc eu une période de transition entre 1931 et 1958. La Déclaration française des Croyances Adventistes était toujours Unitarienne en 1938, selon une copie du Manuel de l’Église de cette année-là, en la possession du docteur Thomas McElwain qui a étudié au séminaire Adventiste en France de 1968 à 1973. En commentant le manuel il a observé que le séminaire était Trinitaire, mais que les congrégations étaient encore Unitariennes à cette époque-là.

Le mouvement Adventiste du début des années 1800 (1842-1844) a vu des Trinitaires en assez grands nombres attirés dans le système du Sabbat. Certains n’ont jamais vraiment abandonné le modèle Trinitaire, ce qui allait s’avérer fatal au système Adventiste pur après Smith en 1931, lorsque les Trinitaires dans le mouvement ont pris le contrôle de l’Adventisme, principalement à travers les aspirations du ministère. Le désir de plaire/faire appel au Protestantisme américain a été un facteur contribuant au problème. Il devait également conduire au Binitarisme dans les Églises de Dieu au XXe siècle et donc aux multiples erreurs et divisions dans les systèmes actuels.

Les Adventistes en Afrique, après les déclarations du Trinitarisme en 1978, lesquelles ne leur avaient pas été annoncées largement, ont commencé à quitter en grand nombre et ont formé ou se sont joints à des organismes indépendants.

Ils ont commencé à rejoindre CCG en grand nombre partout en Afrique lorsqu’ils ont appris les doctrines bibliques Unitariennes. Ils avaient refusé d’accepter l’église WCG et ses branches.

Church of God (Seventh Day) (L’Église de Dieu (Septième Jour))

L’Église de Dieu (Septième Jour) était un système biblique Unitarien qui observe le Sabbat qui, en règle générale, n’observait pas les Jours Saints dans les Conférences d’Oregon/Denver, mais qui est reconnu pour le faire dans certaines régions (par exemple au Chili) et dans la Conférence de Caldwell aux États-Unis et au Nigéria et ailleurs.

La Conférence de Denver a été subvertie par les Trinitaires au sein de son ministère et a succombé aux déclarations du Binitarisme en 1995-97 et du Protestantisme Trinitaire en 1999. Le pouvoir de votes de ses membres, par opposition au ministère, ne l’a pas sauvée de la capitulation rapide constatée dans l’église Worldwide Church of God (l’Église Universelle de Dieu)

Tous les membres de l’église COG (SD) (Églises de Dieu (Septième Jour)) qui ont rejoint CCG (Christian Churches of God) sont des Unitariens Bibliques et n’ont pas accepté les changements de doctrines depuis 1995-1999. Presque toutes celles en Afrique se sont jointes à l’église CCG.

Worldwide Church of God (Église Universelle de Dieu (autrefois Radio Church of God (Église de Dieu de la Radio)))

Herbert Armstrong a commencé à écrire pour la revue Bible Advocate (Défenseur de la Bible) de l’Église de Dieu (Septième Jour) à partir de 1927. Il a commencé son travail ministériel au début des années 1930, mais était toujours un salarié, sur la liste de paie de l’Église de Dieu (Septième Jour) jusqu’en 1940 environ. Ceci a eu lieu après l’introduction planifiée du Trinitarisme dans le mouvement Adventiste, mais n’y est pas liée.

La théologie de la Worldwide Church of God était Dithéiste et s’apparentait, sans être identique, à l’hérésie de Marathonius après la déposition et la mort de Macedonius après le Concile de Constantinople en 381 EC (Ère Courante). Elle différait en rapport à la nature de l’Esprit Saint, mais tenait toujours pour acquis l’existence de deux Dieux. Elle était très mal définie et il y avait de nombreux Unitariens dans les rangs de la Worldwide Church of God, simplement à cause de l’ambiguïté du cours de Bible par correspondance Bible Correspondence Course, qui dérivait la structure de Dieu du singulier Eloah.

Après l’éclatement de la Worldwide Church of God, nous avons vu l’apparition d’une série de groupes d’églises aux doctrines mal définies sur la Divinité et sur la plupart des autres sujets. Plusieurs sont techniquement Dithéistes, croyant à l’existence de deux Dieux, depuis ab orgine (dès l’origine). Certains ont déclaré une structure Binitaire mais avec un exposé théologique très pauvre. Tous les groupes suivent et observent les Jours Saints. Au moins deux groupes observent les Nouvelles Lunes.

Christian Churches of God (Les Églises Chrétiennes de Dieu)

Christian Churches of God (Les Églises Chrétiennes de Dieu) sont un groupe d’églises qui observent le Sabbat et suivent et conservent tous les aspects des systèmes de l’Église primitive, y compris la Divinité Unitarienne biblique. Elles ont des branches dans les nations non-anglophones sous des noms traduits du nom anglais.

Les Témoins de Jéhovah

Les Témoins de Jéhovah sont une église Unitarienne, qui ne suit pas et n’observe pas ou ne comprend pas les Sabbats, les Nouvelles Lunes et les Fêtes. Par conséquent, il leur manque les signes essentiels/critiques des élus mentionnés dans ce document.

Conclusion

Le Sabbat est un signe de l’Église de Dieu. Ce n’est pas le signe. Le signe primaire/principal est la Divinité. C’est la structure Unitarienne biblique. Le baptême est le deuxième signe et la réception de l’Esprit Saint est le sceau intérieur. Les signes extérieurs sont le Sabbat et le Dîner du Seigneur/Pâque, qui est le signe des lois de Dieu. Ceci est suivi des Nouvelles Lunes et des Jours Saints. Les Sabbats sont refusés à l’humanité à cause de l’idolâtrie.

Ézéchiel 20:16-20 et cela parce qu’ils rejetèrent mes ordonnances et ne suivirent point mes lois, et parce qu’ils profanèrent mes sabbats, car leur cœur ne s’éloigna pas de leurs idoles. 17 Mais j’eus pour eux un regard de pitié et je ne les détruisis pas, je ne les exterminai pas dans le désert. 18Je dis à leurs fils dans le désert : Ne suivez pas les préceptes de vos pères, n’observez pas leurs coutumes, et ne vous souillez pas par leurs idoles ! 19 Je suis l’Éternel, votre Dieu. Suivez mes préceptes, observez mes ordonnances, et mettez-les en pratique. 20 Sanctifiez mes sabbats, et qu’ils soient entre moi et vous un signe auquel on connaisse que je suis l’Éternel, votre Dieu. (LSG)

La pollution des Sabbats provient de l’idolâtrie. Les Sabbats incluent tous les jours mis de côté/à part par Dieu pour l’adoration selon Son Calendrier qui est basé sur l’observance correcte des Nouvelles Lunes. Dieu punit la nation parce qu’elle ne L’honore pas et n’observe pas Ses lois.

Ézéchiel 20:21-24 Et les fils se révoltèrent contre moi. Ils ne suivirent point mes préceptes, ils n’observèrent point et n’exécutèrent point mes ordonnances, que l’homme doit mettre en pratique, afin de vivre par elles, et ils profanèrent mes sabbats. J’eus la pensée de répandre sur eux ma fureur, d’épuiser contre eux ma colère dans le désert. 22 Néanmoins j’ai retiré ma main, et j’ai agi par égard pour mon nom, afin qu’il ne fût pas profané aux yeux des nations en présence desquelles je les avais fait sortir d’Égypte. 23 Dans le désert, je levai encore ma main vers eux, pour les disperser parmi les nations et les répandre en divers pays, 24 parce qu’ils ne mirent pas en pratique mes ordonnances, parce qu’ils rejetèrent mes préceptes, profanèrent mes sabbats, et tournèrent leurs yeux vers les idoles de leurs pères. (LSG)

Les Sabbats sont inséparables du premier commandement et de la loi. La nation est punie parce qu’elle ne suit pas et n’observe pas tous les aspects des lois de Dieu. Les élus ont gardé la foi d’une façon constante/cohérente jusqu’aux XIXe et XXe siècles, où la centralité de l’adoration de Celui qui est l’Unique Véritable Dieu et la compréhension de Celui qui est l’Unique Véritable Dieu ont été remises en cause par le Protestantisme.

Tableau des Doctrines des Églises de Dieu

Église/ Doctrine Divinité Structure de l’organisation

Baptême

Sabbat Nouvelles Lunes Jours Saints Dîner du Seigneur/

Pâque

Lois sur l’alimen-tation
Paulo-Éphésien

(de 30 EC)

Unitarien biblique Presbytérienne et quasi-Épiscopalienne

 

Baptême des adultes Observatrice du Sabbat a observé les Nouvelles Lunes a observé les Jours Saints Quarto-décimane Oui
Smyrne-Lyons

(2e-9e siècle)

Unitarien biblique Presbytérienne et quasi-Épiscopalienne Baptême des adultes Observatrice du Sabbat a observé les Nouvelles Lunes a observé les Jours Saints Quarto-décimane Oui
Pauliciens

(4e-10e siècle)

Unitarien biblique Quasi-militaire Baptême des adultes Observatrice du Sabbat Difficile à déterminer a observé les Jours Saints Quarto-décimane Oui
Vallenses ou Sabbatati Franco -Espagnol (Albigeois 9e-15e siècle) Unitarien biblique Français : Épiscopalienne non-hiérarchique

Espagnol : Presbytérienne

Baptême des adultes Observatrice du Sabbat Tout culte en secret durant la persécution a observé les Jours Saints Quarto-décimane Oui
Pré-Réforme centrale Vaudois Sabbatati Unitarien biblique Presbytérienne. Conseil de laïcs, synode de nombre égal Baptême des adultes Oui Tout culte en secret durant la persécution Oui Quarto-décimane Oui
Vaudoise de la période centrale Post-Réforme

(16e siècle et après)

Quasi-Trinitaire Mêlée jusqu’à leur extinction virtuelle Baptême des adultes est passée au culte du dimanche après la Réforme Non Non Easter/Pâques (Crucifixion du vendredi résurrection du dimanche) Non
Sabbatati de l’Europe de l’Est

(11e siècle et après)

Unitarien biblique Presbytérienne sur base locale Baptême des adultes Observatrice du Sabbat (Division en dimanche en 1579) a observé les Nouvelles Lunes Oui Quarto-décimane Oui
Pré-Réforme Anabaptiste/

Lollards

(à partir du 9e siècle et après)

Unitarien biblique Presbytérienne.

Le groupe s’est divisé au 15e siècle

Baptême des adultes Observatrice du Sabbat (Division en dimanche en 1579) Aucun registre Comme les Albigeois de la pré-Réforme Quarto-décimane Oui
Baptistes Post-Réforme Mêlée (les Premiers Baptistes du SJ Unitariens) Mêlée Baptême des adultes Mêlé Non (certains BSJ observent les Fêtes) Aucun registre Easter/Pâques adoptée par plusieurs Mêlé
Baptistes américains

(17e siècle et après)

Mêlée Mêlée Baptême des adultes Mêlé Non Aucun registre Easter/Pâques adoptée par plusieurs Mêlé
Adventistes du Septième Jour

(19e siècle)

Unitarien jusqu’à la Trinité adoptée en 1931-58 après Uriah Smith Constitutionnelle Presbytérienne Baptême des adultes Observatrice du Sabbat

 

Non Acceptées mais pas observées Easter/Pâques (crucifixion du vendredi) après la division de l’Église de Dieu (SJ) Oui
Église de Dieu (SJ)

Caldwell Idaho était le plus correcte

Unitarien

en train de changer

 

 

Unitarien à Caldwell

Constitutionnelle Presbytérienne Baptême des adultes Observatrice du Sabbat

 

Pas dans la Conférence de Denver

 

 

Correct à Caldwell

À quelques endroits

Caldwell avait les fêtes selon la Conjonction

Quarto-décimane Oui
Église Universelle de Dieu

(jadis Église de Dieu de la Radio)

Unitarien avec É. de Dieu (SJ) après division et jusqu’en 1955. Mêlée peu défini Unitarien/ Dithéiste/ Binitaire jusqu’en 1994. Multiples divisions Constitutionnelle Presbytérienne après div. É de Dieu (SJ). Constitution et vote suspendus illégalement.

Maintenant une hiérarchie corporative comme la plupart des ramifications

Baptême des adultes Observatrice du Sabbat  jusqu’en 1996. Se dirige vers l’observance du dimanche. Branches observent le Sabbat. Non.

Quelques études bibliques aux Nouvelles Lunes, aux mauvais jours, pendant une courte période

Oui.

Jamais

observé la Gerbe Agitée

Quasi-Quarto-décimane avec calendrier juif. Structure incorrecte de la Pâque. Non observée à certains endroits après 1996 Oui
Christian Churches of God

CCG

Unitarien biblique Constitutionnelle Presbytérienne Baptême des adultes Observatrice du Sabbat

 

Oberve les Nouvelles lunes

 

Observe les Jours Saints

 

Quarto-décimane Oui

Annexe

L’Exposition Traditionnelle des Premiers Antitrinitaires et de l’Unitarisme

Dans la section 150 du Volume II, Schaff parle des classes d’anti-Trinitaires sous lesquelles il étiquette comme dans la première classe Alogi, Theodotus, Artemon et Paul de Samostata. À la page 572, il dit que :

Ces Antitrinitaires sont communément appelés Monarchiens de (monarchia) ou Unitariens, en raison de l’accent qu’ils ont mis sur l’unité numérique et personnelle de la Divinité.

Mais nous devons faire attention et prendre soin de distinguer parmi eux deux classes opposées : les Monarchiens rationalistes ou dynamiques, qui niaient la divinité de Christ, ou l’expliquaient comme une simple “puissance” [dunamis] ; et les Monarchiens Patripassiens ou modalistes, qui identifiaient le Fils avec le Père, et n’admettaient tout au plus qu’une trinité modale, c’est-à-dire un mode de révélation à trois volets, mais non pas une tripersonnalité.

La première forme de cette hérésie, impliquée dans le monothéisme juif abstrait, scindait de façon déiste le divin et l’humain, et ne dépassait guère l’Ébionisme. Après avoir été vaincue dans l’église, cette hérésie a surgi à l’extérieur de celle-ci sur une plus grande échelle, sous la forme d’une prétendue révélation, et avec un succès merveilleux dans le Mahométanisme, que l’on peut appeler l’Unitarisme pseudo-Juif et pseudo-Chrétien de l’Orient.

La deuxième forme était issue de la conception la plus élevée de la déité de Christ, mais également en partie des notions panthéistiques qui s’approchaient du terrain du docétisme gnostique.

L’une porte atteinte à la dignité du Fils, l’autre à celle du Père ; mais la dernière était de loin la plus profonde et la plus Chrétienne et, en conséquence, et c’est pourquoi elle est mieux acceptée.

 

Il faut également se rappeler que Schaff est un Trinitaire et, en tant que tel, il argumente contre les vues du noyau de la théologie qui s’est opposé à lui. Son exposé est incomplet, comme nous allons le voir. Schaff dit (à la page 573) que tous les Monarchiens de la première classe voyaient en Christ un simple homme, rempli de la puissance divine, mais qu’ils concevaient cette puissance divine comme opérant en lui et ce, non pas depuis le baptême seulement, selon la vue Ébionite, mais depuis le commencement ; et ils admettaient sa génération surnaturelle par l’Esprit Saint. Il énumère ensuite les classes de ces sectes, les Alogi et Theodotus. Le jeune Theodotus plaçait Melchisédek en tant que médiateur entre Dieu et les anges, au-dessus de Christ, médiateur entre Dieu et les hommes (Schaff, p. 574). Ses disciples ont également été appelés Melchisédékiens. Schaff poursuit en énumérant les Artémonites, qui niaient la divinité de Christ et utilisaient Euclid et Aristote pour nier les mystères et s’opposer à l’utilisation du Platonisme afin d’expliquer les évangiles.

 

Schaff cite également Paul de Samostata, évêque d’Antioche à partir de l’an 260, comme le plus célèbre des Unitariens rationalistes.

Il niait la personnalité du Logos et de l’Esprit Saint et les considérait de simples puissances de Dieu, comme la raison et l’esprit chez l’homme ; mais il reconnaissait que le Logos a habité en Christ dans une plus grande mesure que dans n’importe quel messager de Dieu antérieur. Il a enseigné, comme les Sociniens plus tard, une élévation graduelle de Christ, déterminée par son propre développement moral, vers la dignité divine. Il admettait que Christ est resté libre de tout péché, qu’il a vaincu le péché de nos ancêtres et qu’il est ensuite devenu le Sauveur de la race (ibid.).

 

Schaff considère que ces types de Chrétiens étaient toujours présents comme Samostatiens, Paulianistes et Sabelliens. Cependant, il commet ici l’erreur de confondre sous le terme Monarchiens une variété de groupes contre lesquels l’Encyclopédie ERE (voir l’art. Monarchianism) met en garde car cela brouille les pistes en la matière.

 

Dans sa deuxième classe d’anti-Trinitaires, Schaff inclut Praxeas, Nœtus, Callistus et Beryllus. Il semble qu’il y ait ici un conflit entre Hugh Pope et les compilateurs de l’Encyclopédie ERE d’une part et Schaff d’autre part. Dans son sens classique, le Monarchisme est dérivé des Patripassiens à travers Nœtus, et les Sabelliens sont leurs successeurs. Cependant, Schaff énumère les Sabelliens séparément dans la section 152. C’était pour montrer l’erreur du Monarchisme et de la position d’Hippolytus dont l’œuvre a été citée dans le document La Première Théologie de la Divinité (No. 127). Ils enseignaient que le Dieu unique et suprême, de son plein gré et par un acte d’autolimitation, s’est fait homme, de sorte que le Fils est le Père voilé dans la chair (Schaff, p. 576). Curieusement, la référence à la Monarchia ne se trouve plus que dans le Trinitarisme où les doctrines de la Monarchia et de la Circumincession déterminent les relations de la Divinité.

Le Sabellianisme a été retracé par Athanasius à la philosophie Stoïque et il refait souvent surface. Sabellius défendait une distinction entre la monade et la triade dans la nature divine. Ainsi, la révélation du Père n’a pas commencé par la création, qui a précédé la révélation Trinitaire, mais par le don de la loi. La révélation du Fils a commencé par l’Incarnation et s’est terminée par l’Ascension. La révélation de l’Esprit Saint a commencé par l’inspiration et se poursuit par la régénération et la sanctification. Il illustre la relation Trinitaire en comparant le Père au disque du soleil, le Fils à sa puissance éclairante et l’Esprit à son influence réchauffante (voir aussi l’analogie de la bougie dans le Trinitarisme moderne). Il nie la permanence de la manifestation du Père, mais également du Fils et de l’Esprit Saint. Il fait des trois des phénomènes temporaires qui remplissent leur mission et retournent à la monade abstraite (voir Schaff, opcit., pp 581-583 pour la doctrine). Ce système réapparaîtra dans le mouvement New Age (du Nouvel Âge), lié en tant que Théologie du Processus. Il est l’opposé du Subordinationisme enseigné par les apôtres, par les Chrétiens Unitariens de l’église primitive, par les Unitariens de la Réforme et par nous-mêmes.

Schaff a été moins qu’honnête dans son traitement des premières doctrines non-Trinitaires. Il emploie le terme anti-Trinitaire comme pour impliquer qu’il y avait une doctrine Trinitaire alors qu’il n’y en avait pas. La Trinité n’a pas été formulée avant le Concile de Constantinople en 381 et elle n’a pas été fixée avant le Concile de Chalcédoine en 451, quand un certain nombre d’églises importantes ont alors cessé/rompu leur association avec les Trinitaires. Il ne mentionne pas ces églises ni la théologie des Premiers Apologistes qui était Unitarienne subordinationiste. Irénée est important parce que c’est par lui que nous pouvons nous approcher le plus près de la théologie originale de Jean et de Polycarpe, par exposition. Les histoires Trinitaires, qu’elles soient protestantes ou catholiques, admettent rarement la théologie qui les réfute. Schaff emploie le terme Unitarisme dans son sens le plus large et généralisé, tel qu’adapté par les Trinitaires, pour obscurcir/masquer les véritables conflits entre les deux partis, à partir du XVe siècle. Sous l’ensemble Unitariens, les Trinitaires tentent de placer un amalgame généralisé des Modalistes ou Monarchiens et de leurs prédécesseurs les Patripassiens, ainsi que des Adoptionistes, des Melchisédékiens, des Juifs et des Musulmans, ainsi que les Chrétiens Unitariens qui ont donné naissance au terme. Ceci obscurcit l’intention originale du terme. Il est plus correct de considérer ces derniers comme des Monothéistes et les Unitariens comme une sous-catégorie du Monothéisme. Cependant, cela exclurait évidemment les Trinitaires et n’est donc pas utilisé.

CONCORDIAS

HECHAS, Y FIRMADAS

entre la jurisdicion Real, y

el Santo Oficio de la

Inquisicion.

DÉCLARATIONS, Actes et Édits de la Juridiction royale et du Saint-Office de l’Inquisition

Valencia, 1568 (collection de l’Auteur).

ÉDIT DE LA FOI

“Nous, Docteur Andres de Palacio, Inquisiteur contre l’hérésie et la perversité apostolique dans la ville et le royaume de Valence, etc.

“À tous les fidèles Chrétiens, hommes et femmes, aumôniers, frères et prêtres de toute condition, qualité et degré ; à qui l’attention à ceci aura comme conséquence le salut en notre Seigneur Jésus Christ, le vrai salut ; qui êtes au courant que, par d’autres édits et sentences des révérends inquisiteurs, nos prédécesseurs, ils ont été avertis de comparaître devant eux, dans un délai déterminé, et de déclarer et manifester les choses qu’ils avaient vues, connues et entendues raconter de toute personne ou personnes, soit vivantes soit mortes, qui avaient dit ou fait quelque chose contre la Sainte Foi Catholique ; qui avait cultivé et observé la loi de Moïse ou de la secte mahométane, ou les rites et cérémonies de celles-ci ; ou commis divers crimes d’hérésie, qui observent les vendredi soir et les samedi ; en portant du lin propre, les samedis, et en portant, ce jour-là, de meilleurs vêtements que les autres jours ; qui préparent le vendredi les aliments pour le samedi, dans des marmites sur un petit feu ; qui ne travaillent pas le vendredi soir et le samedi comme les autres jours ; qui allument des lampes propres avec des mèches neuves, le vendredi soir ; qui placent des draps propres sur les lits et des nappes propres sur la table ; qui célèbrent le festival des pains sans levain en mangeant du pain sans levain, du céleri et des herbes amères ; qui observent le jeûne du pardon (jour des Expiations), où ils ne mangent pas pendant toute la journée jusqu’au soir après l’apparition des étoiles, où ils se pardonnent les uns les autres et cessent leur jeûne ; et qui observent, de la même manière, les jeûnes de la Reine Esther, du tissabav et du rosessena ; qui récitent des prières selon la loi de Moïse, en se tenant debout devant le mur, en se balançant d’avant en arrière et en faisant quelques pas en arrière ; qui donnent de l’argent pour acheter de l’huile pour le temple juif ou tout autre lieu de culte secret ; qui abattent la volaille selon la loi judaïque et s’abstiennent de manger de l’agneau ou tout autre animal qui est trefa ; qui ne désirent pas manger de porc salé, de lièvres, de lapins, d’escargots, ou des poissons qui n’ont pas d’écailles ; qui baignent les corps de leurs morts et les enterrent dans un sol vierge, selon la coutume juive ; qui, dans la maison de deuil, ne mangent pas de viande mais du poisson et des œufs durs, assis à des tables basses ; qui séparent un morceau de pâte en cuisinant pour le jeter au feu ; qui se font ou savent que d’autres se font circoncire ; qui invoquent les démons, et leur rendent l’honneur qui est dû à Dieu ; qui affirment que la loi de Moïse est bonne et peut apporter leur salut ; qui exécutent beaucoup d’autres rites et de cérémonies semblables ; qui affirment que notre Seigneur Jésus Christ n’était pas le vrai Messie promis dans les Écritures, ni le vrai Dieu, ni le fils de Dieu ; qui nient qu’il est mort pour sauver la race humaine ; qui nient sa résurrection et son ascension au ciel ; et disent que notre Dame la Vierge Marie n’était pas la mère de Dieu ou une vierge avant la nativité et par la suite ; qui disent et affirment beaucoup d’autres erreurs hérétiques ; qui déclarent que ce qu’ils avaient admis devant les inquisiteurs n’était pas la vérité ; qui enlèvent leurs robes de pénitence et ne restent pas dans la prison ni n’observent la pénalité imposée sur eux ; qui disent des choses scandaleuses contre notre sainte Foi Catholique et contre les fonctionnaires de l’Inquisition ; ou qui influencent et incitent tout infidèle qui pourrait avoir été attiré vers le Catholicisme à s’abstenir de se convertir ; qui affirment que le Saint Sacrement de l’autel n’est pas le corps et le sang véritables de Jésus Christ notre Sauveur, et que Dieu ne peut pas être omniprésent ; ou tout prêtre ayant cette opinion condamnable, qui récite et célèbre la messe, en ne prononçant pas les saintes paroles de la consécration ; qui disent et croient que la loi de Mahomet et ses rites et ses cérémonies sont bonnes et peuvent apporter leur salut ; qui affirment que la vie est seulement la naissance et la mort et qu’il n’y a ni paradis ni enfer ; et qui déclarent que pratiquer l’usure n’est pas un péché ; si un homme dont l’épouse est toujours vivante, se remarie ou une femme se remarie pendant la vie de son premier mari ; si quelqu’un connait ceux qui observent des coutumes juives, et qui nomment leurs enfants la septième nuit après leur naissance et avec de l’argent et de l’or sur une table, observent avec plaisir la cérémonie juive ; et si quiconque sait que, quand quelqu’un meurt, ils placent une tasse d’eau et une bougie allumée et quelques napperons où le mort est décédé, et pendant quelques jours, n’y entrent pas ; si quelqu’un est témoin de l’effort d’un juif ou d’un converti pour prêcher secrètement la loi de Moïse et d’en convertir d’autres à cette foi, en enseignant les cérémonies appartenant à cette même foi, en fournissant l’information quant aux dates des festivals et des jeûnes, en enseignant des prières juives ; si quelqu’un connait une personne qui essaye de devenir un Juif ou qui, étant Chrétienne, se promène en costume d’un Juif ; si quelqu’un connait quiconque, converti ou non, qui ordonne que son vêtement soit fait de toile et non pas de lin, comme le font les bons Juifs ; si quelqu’un connait ceux qui, quand leurs enfants embrassent leurs mains, placent leurs mains sur la tête de leurs enfants sans faire le Signe (de la Croix) ; ou qui, après le déjeuner ou le dîner, bénissent le vin et le passent à tous autour de la table, laquelle bénédiction s’appelle la veraha ; si quelqu’un apprend que, dans une maison, les gens se rassemblent afin de participer à des services religieux ou lire la Bible en langue vernaculaire ou accomplir d’autres cérémonies judaïques, et si quelqu’un sait que, quand quelqu’un est sur le point de partir en voyage, certaines paroles de la loi de Moïse lui sont dites et qu’une main est placée sur sa tête sans faire le Signe (de la Croix). Et si quelqu’un connait une personne qui a professé la foi mosaïque ou attendu l’avènement du Messie, en disant que notre Rédempteur et Sauveur Jésus Christ n’est pas venu et que maintenant Élie devait venir et les amener à la terre promise ; et si quelqu’un connait une personne qui avait prétendu entrer dans une transe et qu’elle avait erré au ciel et qu’un ange l’avait conduit dans des champs verts et lui avait indiqué que c’était la terre promise qui était préservée pour tous les convertis qu’Élie devait racheter de la captivité dans laquelle ils vivaient ; et si quelqu’un connait qu’une personne ou des personnes soit des enfants ou des petits-enfants de la personne condamnée, et étant disqualifiée(s), utiliser l’office public ou porter les armes ou être revêtue(s) de soie et de tissu fin ou ornementer leurs costumes avec de l’or, de l’argent, des perles ou toute autre pierre précieuse ou corail ou utiliser toute autre chose qu’elle(s) n’a(ont) pas le droit de posséder, étant disqualifiée(s) ; et si quelqu’un connait une personne qui possède ou a possédé toute marchandise confisquée, meuble, or, argent ou autres bijoux appartenant à ceux condamnés pour hérésie, ce qui doit être apporté devant le récepteur des biens confisqués pour le crime d’hérésie. —Toutes ces choses, ayant été vues, entendues ou connues, vous, les fidèles Chrétiens mentionnés ci-dessus, avec des cœurs obstinés, avez refusé de les déclarer et de les exposer, au grand fardeau et préjudice de vos âmes ; pensant que vous avez été absous par les bulles et indulgences émises par notre saint père, et par les promesses et les donations que vous aviez faites, pour lesquelles vous avez encouru la sentence d’excommunication et d’autres pénalités graves en vertu de la loi statutaire ; et ainsi vous pouvez être poursuivis comme ceux qui ont souffert l’excommunication et comme complices des hérétiques, de diverses manières ; mais, souhaitant agir ainsi avec bienveillance, et afin que vos âmes ne soient pas perdues, puisque notre Seigneur ne veut pas la mort du pécheur mais sa réforme et sa vie ; par ces présentes, nous levons et suspendons la censure promulguée contre vous par lesdits anciens inquisiteurs, à condition que vous observiez et vous vous conformiez aux termes de ce décret, par lequel nous vous demandons, vous exhortons instamment et ordonnons, en vertu de la sainte obéissance, et sous la pénalité d’excommunication complète, dans les neuf jours à compter du temps où le présent édit vous aura été lu, ou porté à votre attention de n’importe quelle façon, de déclarer tout ce que vous savez, avez vu, entendu, ou entendu raconter de quelque manière que ce soit, des choses et des cérémonies mentionnées ci-dessus, et de comparaître devant nous personnellement pour déclarer et manifester ce que vous avez vu, entendu ou entendu raconter secrètement, sans avoir parlé auparavant avec aucune autre personne, ni porté de faux témoignage contre quiconque. Sinon, le délai étant passé, les admonitions canoniques ayant été répétées conformément au droit, des mesures seront prises pour prononcer et promulguer la sentence d’excommunication ­contre vous, dans et par ces documents ; et par cette excommunication, nous ordonnons que vous soyez dénoncé publiquement ; et si, après une autre période de neuf jours, vous persistez dans votre rébellion et excommunication, vous serez excommuniés, rendus anathèmes, maudits, isolés et séparés, en tant qu’associés du diable, de l’union avec, et de l’inclusion dans, la sainte Mère-l’Église et de ses sacrements. Et nous commandons les curés, les recteurs, les aumôniers, et les sacristains et toutes les autres personnes religieuses ou ecclésiastiques de considérer et de traiter la personne mentionnée ci-dessus comme excommuniée et maudite pour avoir encouru la colère et l’indignation du Dieu Tout-Puissant et de la glorieuse Vierge Marie, Sa Mère, et des apôtres béatifiés Saint Pierre et Saint Paul, et de tous les saints de la Cour céleste ; et que sur de telles personnes rebelles et désobéissantes qui cacheraient la vérité concernant les choses mentionnées ci-dessus, tombent les fléaux et les malédictions qui se sont abattus sur le Roi Pharaon et son armée pour n’avoir pas obéi aux commandements divins ; et que la même sentence d’excommunication divine les entourent, comme elle a entouré les habitants de Sodome et de Gomorrhe, qui ont tous péri dans les flammes ; et de Dathan et d’Abiram qui ont été engloutis dans la terre pour les grandes délinquances et les grands péchés qu’ils ont commis dans la désobéissance et la rébellion contre notre Seigneur Dieu ; et qu’ils soient maudits en mangeant et en buvant, au réveil et dans le sommeil, en allant et en venant. Maudits soient-ils dans la vie et la mort, et qu’ils soient endurcis à jamais afin que leurs péchés et le diable soient comme leur main droite pour toujours ; que leur vocation soit pécheresse et que leurs jours soient peu nombreux et mauvais ; que leur substance soit pour la jouissance des autres et que leurs enfants soient des orphelins et leurs épouses des veuves. Que leurs enfants soient à jamais dans le besoin et que personne ne les aide ; qu’ils soient chassés de leurs maisons et dépossédés de leurs biens par des usuriers ; et qu’ils ne trouvent personne ayant de la compassion pour eux ; que leurs enfants soient ruinés et bannis et leurs noms également ; et que leur méchanceté soit toujours présente dans la mémoire divine. Que leurs ennemis les vainquent et les dépouillent de tout ce qu’ils possèdent dans le monde ; et qu’ils errent de domicile en domicile sans secours. Que leurs prières soient tournées en malédictions ; et maudits soient le pain et le vin, la viande et le poisson, les fruits et toute autre nourriture qu’ils mangent ; de même que les maisons qu’ils habitent et les vêtements qu’ils portent, les bêtes sur lesquelles ils montent et les lits sur lesquels ils dorment, et les tables et les nappes sur lesquelles ils mangent. Maudits soient-ils à Satan et à Lucifer et à tous les diables en enfer et que ceux-ci soient leurs seigneurs et les accompagnent de nuit et de jour. Amen. Et si une personne encourant lesdites excommunications et malédictions, devait persister dans ces choses pour l’espace d’une année, elle devrait être considérée elle-même comme un hérétique et sera poursuivie par la même procédure que celle utilisée contre les hérétiques ou les suspects du crime d’hérésie. Donné le _____ mars, en l’an de notre Seigneur Dieu, mille cinq cent douze.”

Nullus omoveat sub pena excommunicationis.

(Article : L’aveu fait au confesseur pour obtenir l’absolution de la pénalité de l’excommunication à laquelle l’hérétique pourrait être sujet, dès le moment où le crime est commis, ne vaut rien).

(Article : Tous ceux qui savent quoi que ce soit à propos des choses mentionnées dans ce présent édit ou à propos d’autres hérésies et qui ne se présentent pas pour les dénoncer et les déclarer, sont excommuniés par la présente et ne peuvent pas être absous par leurs confesseurs).

El doctor                     De Mandato sue

Palacio, inquisidor.     Reverende paternitatis,

Petrus Sorell, notarius

Contents

One True God:

God exist-Why is God eternal-Many names for God-Which name, which entity-Elohim/Eloah-Elohim plural-How many elohim-Jehovah/Jehovah of Hosts-SHD 3068/3069-Two different beings-God look on sin-God and His Law

Spiritual Creation:

Angel of YHVHIs Christ YHVH-Worship the son-Great Angel OT-Who spoke to Abraham-Who did Moses see-Who talked to Moses and Aaron

Sons of GodHow many sons of God-Difference in heavenly beings-24 Thrones/Elders-4 living creatures-4 rivers/4 Cherubim-Lion headed systems-Who are the host-Cause of rebellion-Cherub rebel-Rebellion-Fallen host repent-Angels male or female Lucifer: Meaning of Lucifer-Satan still has access to God-Satan not always evil- Abaddon/Apollyon Angels: Function of angels-Can we recognise angels-Pray to angels

Physical Creation:

Nephilim: Humans before Adam-Pre/post Adam DNA-Nephilim not resurrected Adam and Eve: Why create man-Mankind’s destiny-Adam rebuke Eve-Life before Adam-Children’s stories-Apple forbidden fruit-Different races-Vegetables or meat first-Physical condition early people Noah: Origin or faces from Noah-Flood worldwide-Noah’s faith Abraham: Blessings for Hagar/Ishmael

The Law:

Two tablets of stone-6 and 4 or 5 and 5-First Commandment-Sabbath-Reading the law Society: Uncleanness until sundown-Not coming near wives-Childbirth-Garments etc-Swearing-Violence on innocent-Death penalty-Tattoos-Owe no man-Gambling Food Laws: Mushrooms-Supplements-Pork and fish-Eating meat-Food and ten commandments Tithes and Offerings: 3 or 7 offerings-Atonement tax-Stealing from God

Israel:

12 Judges-Kings-Numbering of tribes-Order of tribes-Moses: Broken tablets-Wife and children-Hosts of Pharaoh-Red sea-Seven-day march-Fall of Jericho- Red cords-Blood on doorposts-Idols and Images: Golden idol-Why a calf-Worship of images-Golden calf/golden cross-Divisions of Israel

Joshua…Joshua’s life-12 rocks/12 apostles-2 spies

JudgesJudges 9:7-21;Judges 19-Gideon 70 sons-Samson’s hair-Riddle to 30

RuthRuth’s kinsman

1Samuel1Samuel 1:6-17:40-David

1Kings…1Kings chapter 6

2Kings…2Kings chapter 2

EstherEsther 9:13 Nuremburg Trials

Job7 sons 3 daughters-Job of Genesis 46:13

PsalmsPsalm 82-Psalm 187

Proverbs…Proverbs 8 and 9-Proverbs 31

EcclesiastesEcclesiastes 7:1-Birthdays

Prophets:

IsaiahIsaiah 19:23-Isaiah 65:1-6-Isaiah 1:29

Jeremiah…Jeremiah 4:15ff

EzekielEzekiel 46:20;-26:21;-Exekiel’s Temple-Ezekiel 20:37-38

DanielDaniel 12:1-2;-2:43;-7:9-10;-Daniel and 3 in oven-Lion’s den
Hosea…Hosea 2:15

JoelJoel 2:23

MicahMicah 6:4;-5:5

Zechariah…Zecariah 14:16-19

God’s Calendar:

Full moon-Time lost-Number 7-Jubilees: What is a Jubilee-How to count-Blown on Atonement-5 months in 50th or 1st year-End of Jubilee Feasts: Where does he place his name-Assemblies of God-Fat of the Feast-Pentecost: Shavuot-Trumpets: Trumpets blown-Feast of Shofar-New Year-Atonement: Meaning-Tribute tax-Half Shekel

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FAQ Old Testament

One True God

Why do you believe that God exists? 

A: It is written only a fool says in his heart that there is no God. The entire structure of the creation demands that God exist: From the Laws of Thermodynamics to the phase space volume selection of the universe and Quantum Mechanical theory. The philosophical basis of Causation is singularist and not supervenient. Why would you think that there is no God?

Why do you think God is eternal? The fact that God created us should not mean that God never dies. Maybe your God just had special power to create the whole world and maybe His life has just been very long, of years old.

A: God stands outside of time and space. The Bible is very clear that there is only One True God, whom no man has ever seen or ever can see (John 1:18), and who dwells in unapproachable light and who alone is immortal (1Tim. 6:16).

We know this to be true as the phrase “space volume selection of the universe” is held to be a factor of ten to the tenth, to the 123rd power. It cannot be written in normal denary notation, even if the entire substructure of matter in the universe were to be used. In other words, there is a point of origin, and only one for the entire universe.

We now know from the general theory of relativity and subsequent quantum mechanical theory and its adaptations that a substructure, which we call “quarks”, underpins the basis of matter.

We know from the decay of “K Mesons” that there is directionality to time. We know that the structure of matter in the universe is a directional structure in which Space, Time Mass, Energy and Gravity are equivalent expressions of a single fundamental essence, and that essence we call spirit. The Bible is understood to teach us that God creates it “ex nihilo” or “out of nothing”. This was also the doctrine of the Shepherd of Hermas, the earliest of the writings not now included in the New Testament.

God created the entire spiritual realm, and then he created the physical. This is examined in the papers How God Became a Family (No. 187) and The Purpose of the Creation and the Sacrifice of Christ (No. 160). The structure of the creation and the logical necessity of Singularist Causation and the impossibility of Absolute Creation in the work is shown in Creation: From Anthropomorphic Theology to Theomorphic Anthropology (No. B5). 

I see in my concordance that there are multiple words in Hebrew that are translated as “God.” Do they all mean the same thing? Why do the Hebrews have so many words for God? 

A: No, they don’t all mean the same thing. The various names for God are a function of His activity in the creation. Also, beings carry the name “God” and “Yahovah” when they act for the one true God. The name of God in the singular is “Eloah.” “Elohim” is a plural name, which can be used of singular beings.

In the same way “Yahovah” is used of multiple beings of the angelic host including Christ, but “Yahovih” is not so used. “Yahovih” is “Yahovah of Hosts” who is the “Most High” or the “Elyon.” The term “I am that I am” is a corruption of this idea. The text is “ ‘eyeh ‘asher ‘eyeh” or “I will be what I will become.” The term, “Yahovah” is “He causes to be” as a third person form (see fn. to Exodus 3:14 in the Oxford Annotated RSV). The names of God in the various forms are covered in the texts The Names of God (No. 116) and The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243).

I am confused as to the different names given in the Bible for God. I have read your papers and all makes sense, but it does not tell which name is for which entity. For example, how do you know in Genesis 1:1 that this Elohim is the One True God in the Spirit? In verse 26 it states, “Let us make man in our own image…” That sounds like the plural Elohim and not the One True God. Then I look at 2:4 and on and it states, “YHVH Elohim.” Who is the Elohim in 1:1 and who is YHVH Elohim in 2:4 and how do you know how to distinguish between them? It does say in 2:4 that YHVH Elohim created the Heavens and the Earth. Were they created by YHVH Elohim through His Elohim(s)?

A: Yes, this is a very important question. We have this basic rule. No man has ever seen God, neither heard His voice, nor seen His form (Jn. 1:18). We have this from the mouth of Christ and reinforced by John and Paul. Thus, the beings that are referred to in the Bible as Elohim who were seen or touched were sons of God and not the One True God. This One True God dwells in unapproachable light and no man has seen Him or ever can see Him. All that was experienced by man was delivered by the Great Angel of the Old Testament, who gave the Law to Moses and who became Jesus Christ, or those other sons of God who worked with him and who also bore the name of God. Look at the papers The Names of God (No. 116) and The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243). The One True God, Eloah has created all things by His will and all beings act under His will.

Am I to conclude that we do not know which elohim it is referring to in Genesis 1:1 and it really does not matter because all the Elohim are acting under the direction of Eloah? Do you think it is the sons of Eloah it is referring to because of the plural used in verse 26? So everything was created through the Elohim for Eloah?

A: The word God in Genesis 1:1 refers to Eloah and the first act of creation already completed, which was the extension of Himself as Elohim. Thus, the extended being is Elohim and He creates as Elohim because it involves multiple beings.

Job 38:4-7 shows the concept. He created and the sons of God were gathered together and the Morning Stars sang for joy at the creation of the earth. Thus, all were elohim under the One True God (cf. Jn. 17:3). It is irrelevant who was allocated tasks from the primary creation, which was the generation of the elohim from Eloah. Look at the papers How God Became a Family (No. 187) and The Government of God (No. 174).

Could you explain and define the Hebrew word for God, “Elohim”? Isn’t this a plural word? Are we to understand that it encompasses the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit?

A: The Hebrew word “Elohim” is a plural word meaning both “God;” and “Gods” plural, depending on its use. The singular word for God is “Eloah.” This is “Elahh” in Chaldean. The plural word for God in Chaldean is “Elahhin’” which is the same meaning as Elohim. “The God” is referred to as “Ha Elohim.” The Arabic came from the eastern Aramaic or Chaldean and that is why the Arabic word for God in the singular is “Allah’.” Elohim extends to cover all the sons of God as a council of elohim and a body of spirit beings. The Bible refers to the elohim as a plurality and elohim is rendered as “aggelos” in Greek and “angels” in English. For example, Psalm 8:5 says of Messiah that “Thou hast made him a little lower than the elohim.” This is translated in the English of the KJV as “angels” from the rendering in the Septuagint (LXX) as “aggelos”. The same is true in the Vulgate, and the Syriac. Thus, it was generally understood for three hundred years before and after Christ that the “elohim” were the “sons of God” who were termed “messengers” or “angels.” This text is also rendered “angels” in Hebrews 2:7. The Angel of the Old Testament is also an elohim. Psalm 97:7 also refers to the elohim as a wider council of elohim. It is a very important and interesting point, which is obscured by the Trinitarian system (see the paper Psalm 8 (No. 14)). The Trinity is a pagan system of the Triune God, which was introduced from Rome in the fourth century. Look also at the papers The Elect as Elohim (No. 1); The Angel of YHVH (No. 24); The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243); Creation: From Anthropomorphic Theology to Theomorphic Anthropology (No. B5) and The Soctratic Doctrine of the Soul (No. B6).

In Genesis 1:26 it says man was created in the image of Elohim. In 2:7 it says that YHVH Elohim formed man of the dust. In Revelation 21:17 it refers to the measure of a man, that is, of an angel. It seems to me that it is talking about two different men and maybe two different Gods. Are the words in the ancient text for man in all the places that I referenced the same word? Are we talking about the same beings?

A: The Bible does speak of various elohim. The elohim are a council, as we know from the Psalms and elsewhere. The text in Revelation speaks of the measure of a man as the measure of an angel, and that tells you that we are all brethren and made in the image of God. This aspect also has ramifications about the angelic host. We are all to become brothers and part of the City of God where God is all in all. Look at the paper The City of God (No. 180).

Are Jehovah and Jehovah of Hosts one and the same, or are we talking about different beings? 

A: We are talking about different beings. Yahovah or Jehovah in English (there is no J in Hebrew) was allotted Israel as his possession by the Most High (Deut. 32:8 esp. RSV). The Most High or “Elyon” is Yahovah of Hosts. All beings who act for Yahovah of Hosts have the title, “Yahovah.” Christ was the key figure in the Old Testament as the Great Angel of Yahovah who had this title, but there were others. In Genesis, chapters 18 and 19, we see three Yahovahs who came to see Abraham. The senior remained with Abraham and the other two went on to Lot at Sodom.

They destroyed Sodom by calling down fire from Yahovah in Heaven. Thus there were four there and the One in Heaven who sent the fire down on Sodom. That One is Yahovah of Hosts. He sent Messiah to the world as the giver of the Law and as the protector of Israel. Look also at the papers The Names of God (No. 116); The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243); The Angel of YHVH (No. 24) and Early Theology of the Godhead (No. 127)The creation had a purpose and Christ had a role in the creation given to him by “Yahovah of Hosts” who is “Yahovih” (cf. The Purpose of the Creation and the Sacrifice of Christ (No. 160)).

In your writings you make a distinction between Yahovah (SHD 3068) and Yahovih (SHD 3069). You state that Yahovih (3069) is superior to Yahovah (3068). It is my understanding that the original script is just the Tetragrammaton that is translated YHVH with no vowels. If I am correct, how did the translators come up with 2 different versions of the word and make one superior to the other when they both were YHVH?

A: The Hebrew Text has preserved these distinctions. The alteration by the Sopherim of “Yahovah” to “Adonai” is a basis for the vowel point argument from Adonai. Look at the comments in Strong’s Hebrew Dictionary for 3068 and 3069. You will see there the distinctions. 3068 is read as “Adonai” and 3069 is read as “elohim.”

I was reading the paper Law and the Second Commandment (No. 254) and in Deuteronomy 11:17 ‘Lord’ is referenced both ways in the same verse. Is this a misprint or are we talking about 2 different beings? If so please explain the difference. Also explain 2Corinthians 6:17-18. 

A: The word translated “Lord” in the text is “Yahovah” (SHD 3068) (cf. Green’s Interlinear Bible). The Septuagint makes no distinction in the use of “Kurios,” and it is also translated the same way.

In 2Corinthians 6:17-18, it is speaking of the “Lord Almighty” and there is no distinction. There is a distinction between the entities, as in Zechariah 2:8-11. The “Yahovah” sent to save Israel and Jerusalem is sent by “Yahovah of Hosts.” This is the distinction in Psalm 45:6-7 and seen in Hebrews 1:8-9 as “Messiah.”

Can God look on sin? I heard a sermon where the minister said “God can’t look on sin, that’s why Christ said ‘my God, my God, why have you forsaken me’ as he bore the sins of the world.” Is this true?

A: Yes, God can look on sin but we ask Him not to (Ps. 51:9ff.; Isa. 59:2).

That statement is a myth spread by people who have never read the Psalms properly. The text spoken by Christ was an Aramaic form of the Hebrew in Psalm 22:1. In Psalm 22:24 we read that God did not hide his face from him.

The events in Psalm 22 all refer to Christ and his actual crucifixion. Verse 24 says:

“For He has not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted; Neither has He hid His face from him; But when he cried unto Him, He heard.”

This fiction is designed to deal with the concept of the reparation for sin without real understanding or acknowledging the Wave Sheaf offering and the true concepts of the Passover. Because they do not obey God’s laws and kept pagan systems, they do not understand Scripture and the Laws of God. The matter of the crucifixion and the aspects of Psalm 22 are examined in the papers on the web at http://www.ccg.org and http://www.logon.org

Ezra 9:15 refers to God being righteous, and Psalm 119:172 refers to God’s Law being righteous. Is there a connection between God and His Law? 

A: God is holy (Ps. 145:17), perfect (Mat. 5:48), righteous (Ps. 145:17), good (Ps. 25:8) and true (Deut. 32:4) and His Law is holy (Rom. 7:12), perfect (Ps. 19:7), righteous (Ps. 119:172), good (Rom. 7:12), and true (Ps. 119:142). This is because the Law proceeds from the nature of God and not from His whim. This is analysed in the papers Distinction in the Law (No. 96) and Love and the Structure of the Law (No. 200).

Spiritual Creation

Angel of YHVH

It was my understanding that “YHVH of Hosts” is the Father and the King is Christ (Zech. 9:9), but in Zechariah 14:16 we are told “all shall even go up from year to year to worship the King, the LORD of Hosts.” Does Christ also have this title “YHVH of Hosts” or is this speaking of “worshipping” both the King and YHVH of Hosts?

A: Christ is given the names he is by the Father and acts for the Father under His delegation. God is King of Kings and Lord of Lords, and yet we see Christ coming as King of Kings and Lord of Lords strapped, as a title, to his thigh (Rev. 19:15-16). Only Yahovah of Hosts is worshipped and as such He is King. The title is given to Christ as it is also given to the elect.

Christ is also given a new name in this process, which will also be written on the elect (Rev. 3:12). We have all been redeemed to be a nation of kings and priests (cf. Rev. chs. 4 and 5 for the council and their statements about the saints and the Messiah).

Because some of these titles given to Christ overlap with titles ascribed to Almighty God, many have misconstrued the intent and believed that Christ is somehow God as God is God, being part of a Trinitarian, Binitarian or Ditheistic Godhead.

This is not the case. These titles given to Christ all convey the concept of delegated authority, even as the Mal’ak of YHVH was termed YHVH and Elohim because he represented YHVH of Hosts (Eloah). See the papers Isaiah 9:6 (No. 224) and The Names of God (No. 116))

In Daniel 2:45 we read about the Stone that was cut out of the Mountain and then in Daniel 7:13-14 we read about the coronation of the Son before the Ancient of Days. It appears the Son came from the Father differently than all the other creation. It almost seems like a type of cloning the Father did on Himself. Could you comment on this? If this is different from the creation of angels and the physical creation, then it would be quite acceptable to “worship” the Son in addition to the Father. He really would be in the Father and the Father in Him.

A: Christ was generated by God in the same way all the sons of God were generated by God. Christ was sent to earth in a different way and was the “only born god,” the “monogenes Theos” of John 1:18. The vision of Daniel 2 is covered in the papers on the nature of God series of the Bible Study Program (No. B1). Look especially at the paper How God Became a Family (No. 187).

No, it would not be acceptable to worship the Son as the Father. The Bible is clear that he who sanctifies and they who are sanctified are of one origin (Heb. 2:11). The doctrine that Father and Son were one God, and the son was worshipped and came to be sacrificed is the doctrine of Attis, and entered Christianity in the Council of the fourth century. “Have we not all one Father? Hath not one God created us?”(Mal. 2:10)

Who was the great Angel who was with Israel in the Old Testament? 

A: The belief of the Church in the first and second centuries was that this was Christ. He gave the Law of God to Moses. Justin Martyr, in writing to the Roman Emperor (ca. 150) in his “First Apology,” states categorically that it was the belief of the Christian Church that the Great Angel of the Old Testament who gave the Law to Moses was Christ. That is the teaching of the Original Catholic Church. See also www.originalcatholicchurch.org. Look at the papers The Angel of YHVH (No. 24)The Early Theology of the Godhead (No. 127) and The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243).

Who was it who spoke to Abraham? Was it Jesus? Who destroyed the cities?

A: It was the angel of Yahovah who became Jesus Christ. He was termed Yahovah, as were the other two angels who came with him to meet Abraham, and then the other two Yahovahs went on to Lot at Sodom and Gomorrah. They (Yahovah) then called fire down on the cities from Yahovah out of Heaven (Gen. 19:24). This Yahovah in Heaven was Yahovah of Hosts or Yahovih. These matters are explained in the papers: The Elect as Elohim (No. 1); The Angel of YHVH (No. 24); The Names of God (No. 116) and The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243).

If no man has seen God as John states, then who was it that Moses saw? Didn’t he see God? 

A: No, Moses did not see the One True God. Christ said no man has seen his form or heard his voice at any time so also repeated by John and Paul (Jn. 1:18; 1Jn. 5:20; 1Tim. 6:16). The belief of the early Church was that the Angel of the Old Testament that gave the Law to Moses was Christ. See the papers The Angel of YHVH (No. 24); The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243) and Early Theology of the Godhead (No. 127).

In Exodus (referring to the 10 plagues) who was giving Aaron and Moses instructions for the pharaoh?

A: The being that was with Israel in the wilderness was the rock that was Christ. He was the Angel of the Old Testament who gave the Law to Moses at Sinai. This was the teaching of the original Church and it is the teaching of the Church today (cf. Justin Martyr, First Apology). Look at the papers: The Angel of YHVH (No. 24); Early Theology of the Godhead (No. 127) and The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243).

Sons of God

How many sons of God does the Bible say there are? 

A: The sons of God are mentioned in the texts in the Old Testament, but no number is given. Deuteronomy 32:8 shows the nations were allocated to the sons of God according to their number (this was altered later in the Masoretic Text but the RSV has the text correct). So we have 70 by tradition for this, but we know it was much more than that from the vision in Elijah. Job 1:6; 2:1; and 38:4-7 just mentions the sons of God and the Morning Stars.

Job 33:23 indicates there are a thousand in the structure capable of ransoming men. We get the term “myriads” used of them and the term “armies” is also applied to them (Rev. 19:14). The book of Revelation gives a number of 200 million horsemen which are marshalled by the four angels bound at the Euphrates for the time appointed to slay a third of mankind (Rev. 9:16). These may well be men and not of the heavenly host.

We have no way of knowing if this reference is an exhaustive number or not. Thus, the number of the sons of God, sometimes termed Messengers, in the texts is perhaps 200 Million, but certainly numbered as armies. Perhaps they are as many as people have been since Adam. We will know when we get to The City of God (No. 180) and are joined with them as a living Temple and residence for God and the Lamb.

Could you explain the differences between all the heavenly beings – sons of God, Angels, Cherubim, Nephilim? Are all sons of God Angels, and all Angels sons of God?

A: All the heavenly host are sons of God. The ones sent to mankind are messengers, termed angels. These are in ranks and positions: Cherubim, Seraphim, and Morning Stars. All are sons of God. Christ is one of them.

The Nephilim are the product of the fallen host. See the paper The Nephilim (No. 154). They have no resurrection. The demons are the sons of God who fell from grace. We will all be Sons of God. Look at the papers How God Became a Family (No. 187); The Government of God (No. 174) and The Elect as Elohim (No. 1).

Can you explain in a nutshell about the 24 thrones and 24 elders?

A: The inner council of the elohim has thirty beings. These thirty are comprised of the twenty-four elders under the High Priest, who is Messiah. The four Living Creatures are the cherubim around the throne of God. They have the elders allocated to them on the basis of two to a system, with three systems making six to a division. God is in the centre at the throne. This makes thirty.

There are others who then make up the council of the seventy. This structure was reflected in the system in Israel, and at the Tabernacle and the Temple. The twenty-four division high priests and the High priest reflected the council of the elders. The seventy plus two reflected the outer council. Israel was divided into four divisions of twelve tribes, three tribes to a division, and with the priesthood of Levi at the tabernacle or throne (see Numbers 10). The divisions of the priesthood were allotted to the division of the tribes. The structure is also covered in the paper The Government of God (No. 174)Look also at How God Became a Family (No. 187).

What are the 4 living creatures and of what importance are they?

A: The Four Living Creatures are the anointed covering Cherubs that stand before the throne of God. The Ark carries two on the Lapporah or cover and another two stand over them. Look at the papers The Ark of the Covenant (No. 196) and The Meaning of Ezekiel’s Vision (No. 108). The paper The Government of God (No. 174) explains their function.

The four living creatures and the Council discharge function within the Host related to administration and judgment. They are in effect quadrant commanders of the universe and cover the throne of God.

The living creatures represent the four stages of the history of the priesthood and Israel. The first stage was the tabernacle of the wilderness and the Judges. The second stage or cherub was as the first Temple from Solomon to the captivity. The third stage was from the reestablishment after the return to the destruction in 70 CE and the fourth stage was as the era of the seven churches until the return of the Messiah.

Each stage is as a covering cherub that protects the throne of God and by human hands (under the wings) accomplishes His purpose on earth. The living creatures have been described elsewhere in the Bible but the symbolism of the form has a much deeper meaning than that of a created oddity with four different faces. In Revelation 4:6-8 we see the same faces but separate as four living creatures each with one of the faces but with six wings.

Do the four rivers flowing from Eden have anything symbolically to do with the four Cherubim around the throne of God? 

A: Yes, symbolically the rivers represent the four divisions of the creation. The creation and the role of the cherubim have been examined in a number of works. These are The Government of God (No. 174); The Purpose of the Creation and the Sacrifice of Christ (No. 160)The Doctrine of Original Sin Part I The Garden of Eden (No. 246) and How God Became a Family (No. 187).

You referred to the man and lion-headed systems; what are the roles or duties of these positions?

A: They are the quadrant commanders of God’s system. They are anointed covering cherubs, and they also appear as such in the Temple in Ezekiel. Revelation shows that they are at the throne of God. They occupy the position senior to the 24 elders, and they are seen in Ezekiel chapter 1 et seq where they are identified as the Cherubim. They have set areas of responsibility as we see from the fact that they do not change their orientation no matter where the throne is headed. Look at the papers: The Meaning of Ezekiel’s Vision (No. 108); How God Became a Family (No. 187); The Government of God (No. 174) and The City of God (No. 180).

Please give me as much information about the Hosts as you can. Who exactly are they, how many, their function and roll? Was Jesus part of the Host?

A: The Host are the sons of God. They are called messengers only from the fact of their mission to man. Angel is a derivation of the Greek word for messenger. “Malak” in the Hebrew has become “Malaikat” in the Arabic, and on into the Indonesian etc.

The Host are centred on the throne of God and serve Him. Christ was one of those sons of God in the beginning. The process is explained in the papers How God Became a Family (No. 187); The Government of God (No. 174) and The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243).

We are to become sons of God and elohim and that is covered in the paper The Elect as Elohim (No. 1). The Meaning of Ezekiel’s Vision (No. 108) also has information of interest regarding the Cherubim. How we all fit together is covered in the paper The City of God (No. 180).

What was the cause of the rebellion of the host?

A: It was always understood as being their objection to our creation. The Koran gives this as the specific reason. That is why Satan is the accuser of the brethren. They accuse us night and day to God. Look at the papers How God Became a Family (No. 187) and The Government of God (No. 174)Lost Sheep and the Prodigal Son (No. 199) is also of interest in this matter as is The Judgment of the Demons (No. 80).

Could a cherub rebel and lose his position? If so what does the future hold for him? 

A: Yes one, Satan, and perhaps two did rebel. They can repent like all of God’s sons. Look at the paper The Judgment of the Demons (No. 80) and also Lost Sheep and the Prodigal Son (No. 199)God’s mercy endures forever.

If one third of the host rebelled and there are 30 in the inner council one could speculate 10 rebelled. Is that why there are 10 components; 7 church eras, 2 witnesses, and Messiah needed to repair the problem/breach created by the hosts rebellion?

A: One might speculate that way and it would seem logical; however, the figures used by the Satanist cells are of the order of twelve/twelve. It seems they actually might have got more from the inner council than a third. However, over all they got a third as it says. Perhaps it was two cherubs and the ten. We will know when we get to Jerusalem and Christ gives us new information.

The ten components of the Temple are not related to individuals, save in the Messiah and the two witnesses. The seven are churches unless we identify the seven angels of the seven churches as potential replacements in the host, and the human elements as the new section. 

If the fallen angelic host (the demons) can repent and still become sons of God, then maybe you believe that the unrepentant demons will be killed forever? What is the difference then, between us and them? Are people just another more creative way of doing the same thing that is done with angels?

A: Yes, that is the answer. The human creation with the family system was another way of giving the angels similar responsibilities of the human family, but with greater oversight. When Satan objected to our creation and the third of the host objected and rebelled with him, they were then given responsibility for us. They became our accusers instead of our spiritual parents. They became an obstruction to the plan and our salvation. After the final rebellion at the end of the Millennium, the demons will be reduced to physical form and die. This is the sense of being brought down to the side of the Pit and to die like any man, as we see in Ezekiel 28 and also the same sense in Isaiah 14. This aspect has been examined in the paper The Fall of Egypt The Prophecy of Pharaoh’s Broken Arms (No 36) and Lucifer: Light Bearer and Morning Star (No. 223). They will then be placed within the physical resurrection at the Second or General Resurrection of the Dead. One can imagine the difficulties they will face when dealt with, in examining their roles over the last 6000 years and the havoc they caused even by simply failing to prevent false action, let alone actually inducing it in the human host.

It was probably to escape this accounting that they developed the theory and doctrine among the mystery cults, especially the Orphic, of the daemon among the humans which was a fallen theos or god, and which had to be purged in order to return to heaven. The inducement of humans in the endeavour was probably a reaction and a desire to be returned to their former estate without enduring the process of the second and physical resurrection under the human elect of the First Resurrection.

The soul doctrine is an invention of Socrates of the “psuche” in reaction to the Orphic doctrines, and from which we get the immortal soul and which later went to the heaven of the Gnostics. The eternal soul is another lie, on the same vein as demons cannot die and they cannot repent. Christ was reduced from one of the elohim to the form of a man and he died on the cross, was resurrected and ascended into heaven. If he could do that, then so can any one of the demons. God has no limitations in the creation. Look at the papers The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243); The Judgment of the Demons (No. 80); The Resurrection of the Dead (No. 143); The Soul (No. 92); Lost Sheep and the Prodigal Son (No. 199)and The Socratic Doctrine of the Soul (No. B6).

I have read up on the paper entitled The Nephilim (No. 154). The angels involved in this sin to create Nephilim were clearly male in origin. So, does that mean that all the spiritual creation is closer to a male type as we understand male and female, or are there also spirit beings that would be closer to the female species? 

A: The sons of God have the capacity to materialise in whatever form. If they can appear as a man, they can also appear as a woman and do appear as women often, hence Fatima etc. They appeared as Balaam’s donkey in one instance. Satan is termed the serpent and may well have literally appeared to Eve in that guise. We make the mistake of thinking that the Spirit world is just another copy of this one. We see through a glass darkly.

The Spirit world has the capacity to move through time and space without the limitations we understand or think within. Mass, space, time, gravity and energy are equivalent expressions of the single fundamental essence we understand as spirit. Some of our scientists have made the error of assuming an immanent God from this basis.

The sons of God were all gathered together here when the world was created. Their leaders, the Morning Stars, sang for joy. Satan was among them as a Morning Star and the anointed Covering Cherub. The function of woman was the capacity by which God would produce more sons of God.

Demons appeared as men to interfere with the creation. They may well have become women but then they would have been tied to the creation and the upbringing of the cuckoos they laid. They were probably emotionally immature for that responsibility without the Holy Spirit of God. Also, the woman was the one they influenced. They lost the Holy Spirit when they finally rebelled and were cast from heaven. They then had to produce the pseudo logon. Thus, they are no longer consubstantial. Look at the paper Consubstantial with the Father (No. 81).

We will all be asexual in the resurrection. The second physical resurrection also seems to demand that asexuality. Look at the paper The Resurrection of the Dead (No. 143) and Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272).

Are you aware of any scriptures besides Psalm 8:5 that refer to spirit beings (other than the Father and the One that became Christ) as elohim?

A: Yes, there are a few texts. Moses is referred to as an elohim in Exodus 7:1. Abraham is referred to as an elohim in the original Hebrew text in Genesis 23:6, which is termed Mighty Prince in the English.

Satan is referred to as an elohim or theoi in various texts. Paul says there are many theoi (theoi polloi) or elohim in the New Testament. Zechariah 12:8 said that the household of David will become elohim with the Angel of Yahovah (Jehovah) at our head. It is written: “I said ye are gods and Scripture cannot be broken” (Jn. 10:34-35). Look at the paper The Elect as Elohim (No. 1).

Psalm 45:6-7 says that Christ, our elohim, was anointed with the oil of gladness above his partners. Thus, there is a council. Psalm 82 deals with this aspect. The other references are covered in that paper. Also look at the The Angel of YHVH (No. 24).

Are the 1000 sacrifices offered by Solomon in the Tabernacle referring to the council of the 1000 sons of God? Just as Job 33:23-24 talks of one of 1000 and redemption through Messiah; or Genesis 20:16 mentions the 1000 pieces of silver to Abraham for the vindication of Sarah but the entire council needed the appeasement for the offence; or Song of Songs with 1000 shields (Eph. 6:16 shield of faith to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked.) Bottom line, do all these scriptures tie to God’s administrative council of a 1000?

A: Yes, the reference in Genesis 20:16 is in fact an appeasement along the lines we see in Job, where the redemption was from one of the 1000. And the irony of Abimelech, in using the term brother, is because of the sin and damage he suffered.

The notion of being protected by the host is evident as well, as being redeemed by one of the 1000. This is fairly esoteric ground now. Nothing turns on it, other than the view that sin was an offence against God. That was why thirty pieces of silver was paid for Christ. Because it was an offence against the council and it was also deemed the price of a slave

Lucifer

What does the name Lucifer mean?

A: Lucifer means Light bearer. The name comes from his function as the Morning Star of this planet. It is an educative and controlling role which is taken up by Christ and the elect at the end of the age, in the not too distant future, for the millennial reign. The terms are covered in the paper Lucifer: Light Bearer and Morning Star (No. 223).

In remembering that Satan came before God with the angels as told in Job, I am wondering if he still has this access to God and does he still have influence on the angels?

A: Yes, he is the accuser of our brethren and he still has one third of the host under him. Some are held to have repented from the activities of the early Church. He is cast down and knows his time is short. Christ said He saw Satan fall like lightning from heaven. Thus, he must be cast down. Revelation speaks of the short time and his fury against the Church because of that short time. We are in that time. In fact, we are past the 1260 years of the woman in the wilderness. The Fifth Seal is still continuing and the woman that rides the beast, who is drunk on the blood of the saints, is about to be destroyed. Look at the paper Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272) and also The Role of the Fourth Commandment in the Historical Sabbath-keeping Churches of God (No. 170).

I believe that Lucifer and Satan are one and the same being. This presents a bit of a problem though for this would mean that Satan was not always evil wouldn’t it? This is looking more like it may be true as Ezekiel 28:15 shows him being perfect from the day he was created. So how better can one be than perfection?

A: Lucifer was the anointed covering Cherub of the Throne of God and he was perfect among the sons of God. Lucifer means, “light bearer” and thus he was the educator of the host and Morning Star of the planet. See the paper Lucifer: Light Bearer and Morning Star (No. 223).

He and the fallen host became iniquitous. They sinned and tried to grasp equality with God. They failed in the test of faith. They became accusers of the brethren at the creation of Adam. Christ was not, and did not seek co-equality with God and did not try to grasp what was not His. He preferred to be given and earn the gift of power by obedience, and so He became a man and He humbled himself unto death, even death on the stake (Phil. 2:5-7). See the paper The Purpose of the Creation and the Sacrifice of Christ (No. 160).

He became a son of God in power by His resurrection from the dead (Rom. 1:4). See the paper The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243). All of God’s creation is perfect, but we have the choice to mess it up, and we have done so. The Plan is perfect and includes a safety net, so we will all attain to perfection in God’s time. Look at the paper Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272).

Some of my friends believe the earth is the place of restraint for the angels that sinned. In Luke 8:31 I read where the demons begged not to be cast into the deep or the Abyss. Also Revelation 9:11, 11:7,17:8, IPeter 3:19, IIPeter 2:4 and Jude 6 leads me to believe there is more to this than just the earth in general. Is Abaddon/Apollyon a king restrained also for a future release or is he the same as Satan? Where might this place be? The ocean possibly?

A: The New Testament term is also “Tartaros” which is reserved specifically for the fallen host. Abbadon or Appollyon is the destroyer and, as such, it is another term for Satan and the system he commands. The fallen host or demons have power over the earth and over mankind for 6000 years. At the return of the Messiah, Satan and the demons are restrained for the thousand years of the Millennium.

The pit is death and the texts indicate that the demons are made to die like any man. They are then dealt with in the Second Resurrection like anyone else. This matter has been examined in the papers The Judgment of the Demons (No. 80) and in Lost Sheep and the Prodigal Son (No. 199)The timing of the activities is seen from the paper Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272).

Angels

When asked what is the function of angels or what are they, the most common answer heard is that they are simply messengers indicating that they are basically footmen or errand boys. This does not exactly add up. For instance, the 38th chapter of Job is an explanation to Job as to how everything was created. At verse 7, it says that the sons of God, shouted for joy at the creation. I believe sons of God here refers to the angels, so if they were already around at the creation of the earth, and before the creation of man, then what were they doing up to this point?

A: Yes, that is the point. Angel is from the Greek “aggellos” meaning “messenger” which was applied to the heavenly beings. In the Septuagint the word “aggellos” was used to translate various concepts. It was used to translate “Sons of God” in Deuteronomy 32:8. During the post-Temple period, Jewish scribes changed that to read “Sons of Israel” to get away from the concept of there being sons of God in charge of Israel, as Christ was associated with the Angel of Yahovah as a son of God.

The LXX of Isaiah 9:6 says, “Angel of Great Counsel” for the Messiah who was son of God. Job 1:6 and 2:1 use the term “Aggeloi”, “Angels of God” for the “sons of God.” The same is also in Job 38:4-7 where “angels” were used for “sons of God”. The understanding of the meaning of the Hebrew texts is starting to slip by this time. And the concept of the Hebrew Morning Stars is not well understood by the translators in the LXX translation. Nehemiah says they had to explain the Hebrew to the populace during his time because they no longer understood it, speaking only Aramaic.

Basically, an Angel was a messenger. Before the creation there was no one to carry messages to, and so they were simply all sons of God. When men were created they were sent to men as messengers, and so all of them who were in that capacity were angels. Look at the papers The Angel of YHVH (No. 24)The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243) and How God Became a Family (No. 187)For the long-term plan look at the paper The City of God (No. 180).

Were some people able to recognise angels as soon as they saw them and yet others did not? If they appear as humans are we supposed to know they are angels? 

A: The Patriarchs recognised them, as we see by what they did and said in the Bible. It’s the “duck test.” If it walks like a duck and quacks like a duck, it’s a duck. Sometimes they are with us and we are not informed. We entertain angels unawares (Heb. 13:2). God makes His wishes known through His servants the prophets (Amos 3:7).

These people speak for God. So too, the sons of God in the heavenly Host speak for God, and are sent to men as “angels” or messengers. Look at the papers on the sons of God for example The Angel of YHVH (No. 24) and How God Became a Family (No. 187).

I have been presented with Genesis 48:16 as a supporting scripture to pray to angels. What is the correct understanding of this text?

A: This text, and the comment by Stephen, is the only text in the Bible where Christ is addressed in prayer. Moses spoke to him face to face, and stood between him and Israel, as did David. David addresses him is Psalm 45:6-7. When he says: “Therefore God thy God has anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy partners.” In each of the cases concerned, it is a direct request to Christ in his role as protector of Israel. Look at the paper The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243).

In each case they are used as teaching comments. How would we know that the Angel of Redemption was the elohim of Israel (Zech. 12:8; Heb. 1:8-9), appointed by his God, unless we had the direct testimony of the Patriarchs in the Scriptures to demonstrate this fact? They reflect the direct relationship of the prophets with Christ. We pray to and worship only the One True God.

Physical Creation

Nephilim

Were there human beings alive on this planet before Adam, and when was Adam created? 

A: According to Bishop Ussher’s chronology, Adam was created in 4004 BCE. We know from archaeology that there were beings created on this planet before Homo Sapiens existed.

Thus, there was another creation prior to Adam. The discussion on what the Bible has to say about this is carried on in the works The Nephilim (No. 154) and Doctrine of Original Sin Part 2 The Generations of Adam (No. 248).

The interpretation of Genesis to confine the creation to the sons of Seth and the sons of Cain was an invention by Augustine of Hippo in the early fifth century. It denied the understanding of the ancients and left Christianity entirely unprepared to cope with the modern scientific finds of the last two hundred years. This one single false doctrine of Augustine has made the destruction of Creation theory with the false doctrine of evolution possible.

Are you aware of any information in the comparison of pre-Adam humanoid DNA and post-Adam DNA? Do you see any conflict with Bible scripture and archaeology finds?

A: Yes, recent tests made on the Neanderthals have isolated their DNA structure and it is a 27-strand system whereas a human is an 8-strand. We are trying to isolate the Cro-Magnon to see the exact divergence between it and modern humans. There seems to be a reluctance to discuss this issue of release of any results, if tests have in fact been done. What we have so far is indicative that modern primates are of a totally unrelated creation to the Neanderthals. The humanoids we have so far from Australia, such as the Arunka and Kowe Swamp people, have marked divergences from modern humans. Their mitochondrial DNA differs from modern humans. The Lake Nitchie Male was a giant. These aspects have been covered in the paper The Nephilim (No. 154).

I understand that the pre-Adamic creation was inferior and as stated in Isaiah has no resurrection. The Nephilim are not resurrected because they are not fit physical receptacles able to be acted upon by the Holy Spirit. Is this correct? After 6000 years of misrule of this planet multiple vectors such as viruses, transposons, etc that are able to insert foreign genetic material into our DNA could cause man to become nearly as corrupt as the Nephilim. If the fallen host were given a much longer time period than 6000 years, they could achieve what they tried to achieve with the Nephilim. Do you agree with this?

A: The solution is that the Creation was made in the image of God so that the Holy Spirit could be implanted or superimposed over it. The degradation of the species is certainly happening. It is probable that the limitation of the creation to 6000 years was to limit the degradation of the species by its genetic isolation and other problems. The lessening of the life spans indicates a problem. Also, it appears that there has been a deliberate attempt to interfere with the DNA makeup of humans by the Host through the pre-flood structure of the Nephilim.

There is no doubt that the Neanderthals were of a completely different system but the later structure was not. Neanderthals reportedly have a 27-strand system and the current primates have an 8-strand system. We have more in common with chimpanzee DNA than with the Neanderthals. Our capacity to survive may well be limited if it went any longer than 6000 years unchecked.

I’ve read several responses on resurrection and you state that the Nephilim have no resurrection, but Satan and his demons will have a chance to repent. Can you explain why?

A: The fallen host were all part of God’s Creation and were made in his image and through His will. They can repent and can be used. The Nephilim were not part of God’s Creation. They were made by the fallen host specifically to frustrate the Plan of God, and they are not in the image of God. Thus, they cannot function with the Holy Spirit as the demons are able to do.

God is obliged logically and morally to extend repentance to His Creation, but not to things created by the demons contrary to His Will. Thus, He will extend that capacity to the demons and they will be judged by us according to Scripture (1Cor. 6:3). In like manner, He has said that capacity will not be extended to the Nephilim. They have no resurrection (Isa. 26:14). Look at the papers The Judgment of the Demons (No. 80); The Resurrection of the Dead (No. 143) and Lost Sheep and the Prodigal Son (No. 199).

Noah was chosen to be saved in the Ark because his lineage was perfect. I understand that to mean that his lineage was not corrupted by the Nephilim. All these humans that were corrupted by the Nephilim and died in the flood would be resurrected wouldn’t they? If all of the Nephilim did not perish in the flood, are their descendants subject to resurrection or not?

A: No, the Nephilim/Rephaim have no resurrection as we know from Isaiah 26:13. The whole matter of who they were and what happened before and after the flood is covered in the paper The Nephilim (No. 154).

Adam and Eve

Why would God desire a physical human creation when He had already created spirit angelic beings to be sons of God? Why not just create more angels? What is the difference in the roles of entering His family?

A: This question is perhaps the most fundamental question to the plan of salvation. God could have made spiritual sons as many as He needed or wanted. Why then did he create a weaker physical creation that was then placed under the spiritual creation?

The same question then applies to the physical creation. Why did God create humans in a sequence of breeding animals that would suffer and perhaps die in the process? Why did they eventually die anyway? Why did He not create them all at once and simply educate them?

The answer is both simple and complex. In this way He would have to be obeyed and the entire creation would have to walk by faith. The angelic host would have to see the physical creation destined for some event as sons of God and would have to walk by faith and nurture them as ministering spirits as parents nurture children. The human creation could see even less and that is why faith exhibited in them is greater.

Satan used the creation to bring one third of the host to rebellion. These rebellious sons were then placed in charge of the creation to test both and to judge both.

The church is a group called out to test and judge the demons as they are measured against the standard we set. In the Millennium we will do the job they were set to do now under God’s laws. The demons decided to create another system with another structure of worship that does not work. So we see that the structure was made to ensure that the elect walked by faith and only those who exercise faith and obedience are made sons of God in power from the resurrection of the dead.

The sons of God had to be tested by faith and tested by their duties. Thus the spiritual creation was tested by the physical creation and both come to salvation together. Look at the papers How God Became a Family (No. 187); The Judgment of the Demons (No. 80); The Purpose of the Creation and the Sacrifice of Christ (No. 160) and The City of God (No. 180).

What is mankind’s ultimate destiny?

A: The purpose of the creation of man is to rule as God (Zech. 12:8). The name Israel means literally “he shall rule as God.” We were created to raise ourselves and the sons of God of the Angelic host in a sense of mutual interaction and shared responsibility. We are to get ourselves, and the Host, through the Resurrections to the City of God. Look at the papers The Purpose of the Creation and the Sacrifice of Christ (No. 160) and The City of God (No. 180). We will rule the heavens and we can only guess, at present, at what God has in store for us and the rest of the Host (1Cor. 2:9; Deut. 4:19).

In the Garden of Eden, why didn’t Adam rebuke Eve for eating the fruit of the tree of knowledge of good and evil, instead of following along with her?

  1. It was his responsibility to rebuke her. He did not and the way we are dealt with was changed. However, God knew that he would do it and that it would also become necessary to send Christ to become leader as the slain lamb. We were written in the Book of the Lamb, The Book of Life and of the Resurrection from the foundation of the world.

Thus, God understood the events and they were provided for in the system of Salvation. Look at the papers The Doctrine of Original Sin Part I The Garden of Eden (No. 246) and Doctrine of Original Sin Part 2 The Generations of Adam (No. 248).

The Old Testament says that Adam was created about 5000 years before Jesus Christ, but actually there have been several civilisations like the Pharaohs in year 4200 BCE and the Chinese before that. Scientifically, they found some human bones dated millions of years back. How can we justify this contradiction? 

A: According to Ussher’s chronology, which follows the Bible, Adam was created in 4005/4 BCE. The explanation of the pre-Adamic creation is contained in the paper The Nephilim (No. 154)Look also at the papers The Doctrine of Original Sin Part 1 The Garden of Eden (No. 246) and Doctrine of Original Sin Part 2 The Generations of Adam (No. 248).

Do you have any idea why so many of the children’s stories only represent Adam and Eve sinning and making themselves loin coverings of fig leaves (Gen. 3:7)? Most accounts stop the story there and do not explain the time frame, how Adam and Eve were being taught by God, or how even after their sin God made them garments of skin and clothed Adam and his wife (Gen.3:21).

A: The stopping of the text here is based on a number of false premises. Firstly, the efforts by them were man-made efforts and in contrast to the God-made clothing of animal skins. The emphasis is thus on the human effort and not on God’s effort (cf. Rom. 8:3).

The popular presentations are for a number of reasons. The Gnostics and their doctrines were ascetic vegetarians and wished to conceal the fact of the killing of animals and the consumption of meat. Look at the paper Vegetarianism and the Bible (No. 183).

The leaves also have symbolism among the mystery cults. Thus, they were portrayed more readily. The oak leaves are clearly condemned in the Bible. The priests of Attis in Rome also tattooed themselves with ivy leaves, which were sacred to their god. Thus, the leaf is often used in their symbols, as was the phallus or Asherah, and the kid.

Was the forbidden fruit really an apple? I don’t see that in my Bible, could you tell me where it says that Eve ate an apple? 

A: The notion that Eve gave Adam an apple is not biblical. It comes from the myths and mysteries and is associated with the golden fruit of discord. The full story is contained in the paper The Doctrine of Original Sin Part 1 The Garden of Eden (No. 246).

I believe in God but one thing I have difficulty understanding is if “Adam and Eve” were supposedly the first humans on earth, then where did all the distinct races of man come from? 

A: There is only one race, the human race. We are all brothers. The tongues were confused at Babel. It is a bit like the breeding of animals. The darker skinned people were basically developed, in terms of skin pigmentation, over many years. The fairer ones were in countries where they wore more clothing. However, they are still the same people with the same basic structure. The blood types or categories vary from east to west but they still have the same basic varieties.

In animal terms, we can say that the German Shepherd and the Sheepdog both come from the wolf, and not so long ago. Even though they look different they are both dogs. The creation is dealt with at The Doctrine of Original Sin Part 1 The Garden of Eden (No. 246) and the Doctrine of Original Sin Part 2 The Generations of Adam (No. 248). The pre-Adamic creation destroyed with the flood is covered in the paper The Nephilim (No. 154).

All variations of the human species are explicable in the variations we see occurring from pigmentation and family/tribal likenesses. The finds in the Choukoutien Cave in China indicate the coexistence of families with what we consider vast racial differences within what appears to be the one family group.

These findings by anthropologists are examined in the light of a series of humanoids that existed before modern man but which have no link to them. This matter is examined in the paper The Nephilim (No. 154). The matters have also been examined in the paper The Fall of Egypt (No. 36)This complex matter is too large to be explained here in detail.

God’s word teaches that it is incest to marry a brother or sister, yet how else could the family of Adam and Eve grow? Is it possible He made wives for the sons as He made one for Adam? 

A: This matter is explained in the papers Rachel and the Law (No. 281) and Doctrine of Original Sin Part 2 The Generations of Adam (No. 248)It is also forbidden in other aspects, but Lot produced Ammon and Moab through his daughters contrary to Law. They perceived it as necessity knowing that the world would end by fire and they believed they were in that position then.

‘And Cain knew his wife’. Was she his sister? Why could she live alone before marriage, without being afraid of wild animals?

A: She may have been his sister or she may have been one of the Nephilim. It is likely that she was his sister as that was the only explanation for the sons of Adam keeping their generations pure. Look at the paper The Doctrine of Original Sin Part 1 The Garden of Eden (No. 246)Doctrine of Original Sin Part 2 The Generations of Adam (248) and The Nephilim (No. 154).

Did man eat vegetables or meat first? I say vegetables since they were easier to get than hunting meat.

A: It is believed man had a balanced diet from the beginning (Gen. 1:28-30). The Adamic species has a delineated process from the Bible record. This is covered in the papers The Doctrine of Original Sin Part I The Garden of Eden (No. 246) and Doctrine of Original Sin Part 2 The Generations of Adam (No. 248) and also Vegetarianism and the Bible (No. 183)The paper, The Nephilim (No. 154) might give you some other views of interest regarding the last 140,000 years.

There are divisions to this question. In the case of pre-Adamic man, the answer is both. Man was omnivorous and ate both fruits and also grubs and insects on them and in the trees. The body structure of vegetarians make for significant guts, and this is evidenced by Australopithecines skeletal reconstructions such as Lucy.

What was the physical condition of the early biblical people? Did they exercise? What do you know of their diet? What did they do when struck with an illness? Why were so many struck with leprosy and blindness? Didn’t they have a lot of knowledge of medicinal plants, oils and such?

A: Well, if the ages of the patriarchs are any indication, they were of a vastly superior diet and genetic structure than we are. It appears we have seen a degeneration in the age of man as we have gone from a longevity of 120 years to 70 years, and we are varying downwards on that due to other problems. The diet of the ancients can be seen from the paper The Food Laws (No. 15).

Also they had superior forms of grain then which had the necessary vitamins and minerals. We have developed superior yields, which have in many cases decreased benefit. They did get a lot of exercise because they walked everywhere, or rode horses and camels and donkeys. Their knowledge of drugs was reasonably high. We now have direct evidence that they imported tobacco and cocaine into the Middle East from America at the time of King David (ca. 1000 BCE). They had extensive use of herbs and medicines.

Our evidence also shows advanced surgery such as trepanning in early times. The failure to keep the quarantine laws resulted in the transmission of leprosy. Blindness often resulted from infections carried from birth through immorality, as it does to this day. They had a great capacity for navigation, and there was a sea and trading empire from Israel and Phoenicia from 1000 BCE onwards. There was degeneration in world conditions from the fourth century. In the sixth century there was a series of cataclysms, along with the attitude of the Church, which contributed to the Dark Ages. From this time, the world lost vast levels of knowledge and we are only now putting together what was actually lost.

Noah

In the past some ministers have said one of Noah’s sons was married to a black woman, one married an oriental woman and one married a white woman. This, they explain (or speculate), was to keep the 3 races alive. After the flood they separated by migrating. I have a hard time believing this and wonder if the true reason we have people of different colours is due to the environment and that we are all really the same “race”, the human race, with the same parents Adam and Eve. After all we see a type of evolution within the various “kinds” of animals depending on what part of the world they are from, etc. What do you think about the origin of the various “races”?

A: This view postpones the issue back to Adam (meaning the one who was ruddy or red). Another variation was that Noah had the capacity to throw hybrids, being pure in his generations. This is the real basis of the explanations. Every variety of dog on the planet came from two forms based on the wolf. The capacity to be in various forms was inherent in the early peoples.

Our finds in the Choukoutien Upper Cave in China (discovered 1930 excavated by Pei (1939, 1940) in 1933 show a peculiar group. This one group comprised of two adult males, two adult females, one adolescent, one child, and one baby showed a surprising spread of racial characteristics. The female skulls were a Melanesoid and an Eskimoid. Of the two adult males, one was elderly (estimated at 60), and was relative to the Obercassel skull but was defined as being primitive Mongoloid. Weidenreich (1939) defined these as being of three different racial types, primitive Mongoloid, Melanesoid and Eskimoid type (R.M. and C.H. Berndt, Aboriginal Man in Australia, 1965, p. 30).

Professor Berndt was of the view that current Australians are related to the ancient Egyptians and the Indian Dravidians.  Egyptian relics have allegedly been found in some parts of Australia (cf. notes to I.L. Idriess’ Drums of Mer first edition re the ancient artefacts in the caves of the Zogo Le). There are also numerous boomerangs from the tomb of Tutankhamen now in the Egyptian museum.

The Choukoutien finds were in the one cave in the same strata, all living together so it seems. This indicates that the family groups, who resettled China, all had the diverse genetic capacity to encompass at least three racial groups in the one family system. This matter has not been fully examined from this point of view for obvious reasons.

The Epic of Gilgamesh states that Noah also took the artisans on board with their families as well. If looked at in this light, then the eight people were the heads of families and the women were not counted among the eight. This raises other matters as well. The eruption of the Nephilim is placed in the Midrash at the foot of Og, who allegedly stowed away on the top of the ark and Noah allowed him to remain. Look at the paper The Nephilim (No. 154).

The question of the diversity of current racial types is simply explained as one of pigmentation and localised breeding patterns. For example, one can tell someone from Manx as they have a peculiar line to their ears in relation to the jaw, which is not seen elsewhere in Britain. Pigmentation is simply resistance to the sun’s rays. Modern mapping of the genome and DNA shows we are all from the same ancestors, and not all that far back. The discussion is now merely where and how far.

Was Noah’s flood a worldwide catastrophe or was it limited to the Mediterranean area? If it was worldwide, how was it possible for Noah to gather all the species of plants and animals into the ark? 

A: The Bible indicates it was worldwide. A localised flood scenario has been mooted to resolve the problems seen by geologists and archaeologists working to the current accepted theories of planet age. The Ark was basically a box that God told Noah to build, which Noah did, over a period of one hundred years.

The animals of the earth were the responsibility of God to collect, and he did so collect them. The genetic diversity of the animals was contained in the mother species, and they had the capacity over the following millennia to diversify. Plants did not need to be gathered as they were seed driven and simply germinated when conditions were ready, as they do now. The same is true with spores and others.

Many seeds were taken into the ark as well in the form of food supplies. With, for example, the desert plants and eucalyptus, fire is needed to germinate the seeds. Wood is preserved underwater for a long time, so all the forests were either swept to certain areas, as appears to be the case in the North Pole area with the trees and mammoths etc., or left in areas to generate, first through grass to start the next series off.

We are finding out more and more about the species of the planet. In fact, the procedures for mapping the human genome have shown that the entire creation is based on a similar model. All humans are 99.99 percent exactly the same, and so it is with other species. There is no race other than the human race, and most animals are of the one common species. Mammals are all based on a similar blue print.

We know that this is not so with the DNA of the Neanderthals for example as they are an entirely different structure to our DNA and even chimpanzees, with which we have more in common than the Neanderthals. Look at the paper The Nephilim (No. 154).

During a sermon, our pastor was preaching on faith. He made the statement, “Look at the faith of Noah. God told Noah to build the ark before he even had a family (a wife, three sons, and daughters-in-law).” He said if you will read this chronologically you will see that this is true. Can you explain this to me?

A: The Bible says at Genesis 6:10: “And Noah begat three sons Shem, Ham and Japeth.” He then proceeds to tell Noah (V. 14) that the earth is corrupt and orders him to build the ark. The sons helped to build the ark. Other versions of this flood account all agree in this aspect (cf. The Epic of Gilgamesh).

The genealogies, up to the flood, are covered in the paper Doctrine of Original Sin Part 2 The Generations of Adam (No. 248)The genealogy of Shem, the youngest son of Noah, is covered in the paper Melchisedek (No. 128).

 

Tower of Babel

What in your opinion was God’s purpose at the Tower of Babel? What do you think He was trying to accomplish? 

A: The dispersion at Babel was to ensure that mankind did not become as elohim of their own accord and destroy the planet under Satan before time.

Satan had been given 6000 years as Morning Star of the planet. As it is Christ is going to have to return so that we are saved. If he did not there would be no flesh left alive. The plan of Salvation can be seen from the papers. Look at the papers Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272)Lucifer: Light Bearer and Morning Star (No. 223) and The Millennium and the Rapture (No. 95)There are also many other papers dealing with prophecy.

What exactly was happening at the tower of Babel, and why was God so worried about it? Seems to me there must have been a bit more going on there than just building a church with a tall steeple that would reach the heavens. 

A: Yes, there was a lot more to it. The false system at Babel was destroyed and the languages confused so that man would not progress at a rate that was so fast as to endanger the existence of the planet too early within the time frame given to Satan.

They would become as elohim but without the Holy Spirit and thus destroy this planet and hence, the Plan of God. The system you see unfolding now might have happened two or more thousand years ago. The planet would not exist now.

Abraham

Did Hagar or Ishmael receive any blessings for their relationship to Abram? 

A: Indeed, they did receive a blessing. Christ himself said, at the direction of God, He would bless Ishmael and make a mighty nation from him (Gen. 21:17-18).

Look at the various papers that deal with Abraham: Why was Abraham called “the Friend of God” (No. 35); The Angel and Abraham’s Sacrifice (No. 71); Abraham and Sodom (No. 91) and also look at Genesis 22, Judaism, Islam and the Sacrifice of Isaac (No. 244).

The Law

Is there a reason why the commandments were given on two tables of stone? 

A: Yes, there is a reason. The two tablets were small and they were carried by Moses. They appear to have been written on both sides. The tablets appear to be duplicates as a double witness. The tablets of the law were placed within the Ark of the Covenant (See the papers The Ark of the Covenant (No. 196) and Distinction in the Law (No. 96).)

The Law is explained in the series The Law of God (No. L1). The concept of being written on stone was one of God, who is the rock (Ps. 17:31) from which we, and Christ, are all cut (Isa 51:1) and who engraves his Law in our hearts through his power. He becomes all in all.

In Deuteronomy 10 it talks about the covenant (Ex. 34:28) being the Ten Commandments that were written on the 2 tablets. In verse 5 it says he put the tablets IN THE ARK. Is this the LAW that is the New Covenant that is written in the minds and hearts of the elect? Is there more significance to this that you could expound on?

A: Yes, that is the significance both of the Ark and of the tablets being placed inside it. The Law of God was to be placed in the hearts and minds of the elect. This aspect is examined in the papers: Distinction in the Law (No. 96); The Ark of the Covenant (No. 196)The Oracles of God (No. 184) and The Law of God (No. L1).

Are the commandments in two lots of 4 and 6 or 5 and 5? 

A: Assuming you refer to the divisions based on the two great Commandments of the Law; the First Great Commandment is “You shall love the Lord your God with all your mind and with all your heart and with all your strength.” The second is like unto it. “You shall love your neighbour as yourself.” The Commandments fall into two natural divisions of the first four dealing with the love of God and the last six dealing with the love of man. Thus the Fourth Commandment, dealing with the Sabbath day, covers the aspects of the Law and the testimony concerning God’s Calendar and His worship and is the technical end of the First Great Commandment proper.

The Fifth Commandment, concerning the love of father and mother, is the first with a promise. It relates to life on this earth and the formation of the family, which is the building block on which God has chosen to build society. This extends into the heavenly family of the Church and the sons of God. Thus, this Commandment forms a link between the first four and the last six so that, in a sense, both answers are correct.

The Law is divided into two great commandments the first four and the last six linked by the fifth, which joins both the First and the Second Great Commandments. Look at the papers in the series on The Law of God (No. L1) and the associated reference papers as well.

Could you please define and interpret the first commandment?

A: It is written (Ex. 20:2-3):

“I am the Lord thy God Which has brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the House of bondage. Thou shalt have no other gods before me.”

Roman Catholics join the second commandment to this commandment and split the tenth commandment into two, which is impossible, based on the text in Deuteronomy 5.

The words for “Lord thy God” here is not simply “Yahovah.” It is “Yahovah Elohim” meaning God in His extended and creative sense. If it were Yahovah, as Bullinger says, it might be argued that the Law was limited to Israel, which it is not.

The first two Commandments are in the first person. The remainder are in the third person. Deuteronomy has the same structure for the first two Commandments. The section in Deuteronomy is argued to be a repeat and definite explanation by Moses of the original ten, which were in Exodus (cf. Soncino Commentary, Chumash p. 458).

“Thou shalt have no other elohim before me” means that no other elohim is to be placed before, or worshipped as, or in place of the One True God, who in the singular is “Eloah” the God of the Temple who placed His name at Jerusalem. See the text in Ezra 4:24-7:26 for the use of Eloah in relation to the Temple and the Law. It is the Law of Eloah.

Eloah has a son from Proverbs 30:4-5. Thus, the Son is not the One True God, Eloah. The First Commandment and the application of the Law and the Prophets have been outlined in the text Law and the First Commandment (No. 253) which was prepared for the Reading of the Law in the Sabbath Year of 1998.

Knowledge of the One True God, and Jesus Christ whom He sent, is eternal life (John 17:3). Explanation of the names of God and of the position of Jesus Christ are contained in the papers The Names of God (No. 116)God Revealed Chapter 1 – Ancient Monotheism (No. G1) and The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243).

 

Exodus 16 (before the 10 commandments were given) vs. 23 “…then he said to them, This is what the Lord meant: Tomorrow is a Sabbath Rest (how did they know it was the Sabbath since it wasn’t given at Sinai? It must have been through oral transmission from Adam to Moses) a Holy Sabbath to the Lord.” Vs. 28 “Then the Lord said to Moses ‘How long do you refuse to keep my commandments and my instruction? Vs. 29 “The Lord has (past tense) given you the Sabbath…”. When did God give them the Sabbath?

A: The law was given to Adam at the creation. Not only was the Sabbath established then but also the sacrifices and the Calendar were established. Abel’s sacrifice was more acceptable to God than Cain’s because it was a blood sacrifice and he was more righteous.

The SDA doctrine of preflood vegetarianism is quite wrong, as is the notion that the law was not given until Sinai. Look at the paper Vegetarianism and the Bible (No. 183) and also Rachel and the Law (No. 281). The Passover also preceded Sinai and the New Moons, and the sequence of the Calendar was set in place from the first week of the creation. Look also at the paper God’s Calendar (No. 156)Look also at the papers The Doctrine of Original Sin Part I The Garden of Eden (No. 246) and Doctrine of Original Sin Part 2 The Generations of Adam (No. 248)The preflood system was destroyed because it broke the laws of God. See the paper The Nephilim (No. 154).

The commandments were in place and known when Abraham went into Egypt. See the paper Abraham and Sodom (No. 91). Look also at the paper The Doctrine of Balaam and Balaam’s Prophecy (No. 204). Abraham tithed to Melchisedek over four hundred years before Sinai. See the paper Melchisedek (No. 128).

The Fourth Commandment covers a system of God’s order and the system will be enforced when Christ returns. Look at the paper Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256). The Sabbaths will be kept with the New Moons (Isa. 66:23). The feasts will be kept and the nations will send their representatives to Jerusalem each year, or they will get no rain in due season and the plagues of Egypt will be brought down on them. This is Scripture and Scripture cannot be broken.

Reading the Law

We are seeing instruction at Deuteronomy 31:9-12 to read the Law every Sabbath year at the Feast of Tabernacles. On which day at the Feast is this to be done? The idea that the law is to be read on one day is a Jewish idea and they do it on the Last Great Day.

A: The Law was read over the entire feast in the seventh year. To read the Law and the testimony correctly, utilising the Law and the Prophets and explaining it correctly as Ezra and Nehemiah did at Jerusalem, takes the entire feast of Tabernacles.

That is why God demands it be done every seventh year, and that it is set aside for the purposes of the reading so that Israel does not forget the Laws of God. Look at the papers Reading the Law with Ezra and Nehemiah (No. 250) and the Law series listed under The Law of God (No. L1) which were read at the commanded Reading of the Law in 1998.

Society

How does the uncleanness until sundown relate to us today as being sanctified? Is there a time now, or a time in the future that He does not want us to sleep with our wives? If so, when and why would this be do you think?

A: The whole process of sanctification for the Seventh of the First month and the Tenth of the Seventh month logically requires fasting from all aspects, including our partners.

The separation from our partners in total will come at the Advent. The High Priests always regarded themselves as being separate when they went into the Temple on the sacred days. They disqualified themselves when ritually unclean. We have to prepare ourselves to enter into a relationship with Christ.

Could you please explain these passages about the days and what is meant about not coming near your wives? I believe this has to do with the second coming of Jesus, but I am not really sure.

  1. The process involves the sanctification of the elect. Under the law a man was ritually unclean if he had an issue of semen until sundown and the aim here was to ensure the host of Israel was sanctified in the day that the Lord was to come to them.

The process of the sanctification of Israel is examined and explained in the papers The Sanctification of the Temple of God (No. 241) and The Sanctification of the Simple and the Erroneous (No. 291)See also Ezekiel 45:18-20.

The entire process of the calendar and the sanctification that takes place in the structure of the plan of God as explained in the calendar and its Sabbaths new Moons and Holy Days all point to Messiah and the restoration of the planet. Look at the papers God’s Calendar (No. 156) and Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256).

 

We are the Temple of God and the Law of God will live in our hearts. We will go from the church to the nations to the world as the Temple of God and will become the City of God. Look at the papers The Oracles of God (No. 184)Measuring the Temple (No. 137) and The City of God (No. 180).

Why was a woman considered unclean for forty days after giving birth to a male child, and eighty days after giving birth to a female child?

A: There are some very difficult issues arising from the laws of female purification (cf. Purification and Circumcision (No. 251)). Science has studied food in many of its aspects, especially its physiology and nutritional value. As a result, we can now understand why certain foods are “clean” and others are not and have been forbidden to us (see the paper The Food Laws (No. 15)). However, for generations we have been following those food laws simply because God told us to. We understand that God gave us His laws in order for us to be able to lead healthy, well balanced, well ordered lives. The laws relating to women have not been studied in the same way; therefore, we must do as we have always done. Rely on the fact that if God has said so, then it is in our best interests to do so. These matters are also qualified in and by their spiritual aspects, as they relate to Messiah.

The term “unclean woman” might bother many people. It seems to be offensive, but it is not. It is simply a time of separation because the woman requires rest and understanding. The term “unclean” is not the equivalent of “sinner.” The purification is scientifically a time of cleansing for seven days. It is a natural and physical act, where the lining of the womb, in not receiving a fertile ovum for the process of impregnation, is rejected during menstruation. Normally, it is a period of seven days in every 28. This process of cleaning permits the continuation of human kind for which this law, in the same manner as all the others, is a blessing from God (Gen. 1:28). The fulfilling of the laws are tied to the daily life of the human being. The Law of God is in force in its totality both physically and spiritually (2Cor. 7:1).

In the text in Leviticus 12:4 we see the term “to touch not what is holy.” In these terms we see the parallel symbolism that goes to setting apart the elect in purification. This distinction was made until Christ. The theory was that the woman in her condition would defile that which was holy. However, that which was holy would also sanctify that which was in a state of purification. For this reason, the woman who was in a state of discharge and in need of cure was made clean by touching Christ’s garment. This did not make Christ unclean but rather the Holy Spirit flowed from Him to her making her clean.

Matthew 9:20-22  And, behold, a woman, which was diseased with an issue of blood twelve years, came behind him, and touched the hem of his garment: 21 For she said within herself, If I may but touch his garment, I shall be whole. 22 But Jesus turned him about, and when he saw her, he said, Daughter, be of good comfort; thy faith hath made thee whole. And the woman was made whole from that hour. (KJV)

This action pointed towards two things. One was that Christ was the new High Priest whose hem was set apart from Exodus 28:33-34; 39:25-26 and whose headband was also Holiness to the Lord (Ex. 28:36; 39:30). The second lesson was that by faith through the Holy Spirit cleanliness and purification are extended to the sick and the infirm. This is repeated again in Matthew, that we might see the importance of the presence of Christ to the impact of the Law and the prophets and the restoration of the sick and the infirm and the unclean.

Thus, from the Law, that which was unholy could not touch that which was holy. This was asked of the priests and the answer was given. Yet from God’s own law and prophecy the same situation pointed towards a time when God would pour out his Spirit on all flesh and make it Holy within His law and He would write it on their hearts. This action was accomplished through Messiah.

Thus all flesh was made holy in the Spirit and was cleansed through Messiah in the Holy Spirit. The Purification legislation pointed towards the cleansing of the human mother as Israel the Church, and Bride of Christ, and mother of the new nation. From this position we see that the mother is cleansed and may partake of the Lord’s Supper and Passover as one of the elect, being cleansed in the Holy Spirit.

If Christians are supposed to keep the Old Testament food laws, what about other Old Testament laws such as not wearing garments mingled of wool and linen? What about the quarantine legislation, and when a woman has an issue of blood? Are Christians to observe these also?

A: Yes, they are supposed to keep those laws. Some matters are covered in the paper Purification and Circumcision (No. 251)Quarantine legislation is very important and badly neglected. TB was eradicated in Australia by concerted effort forty years ago and now, through failure to observe strict quarantine, it is back and some of it is resistant.

When one is asked to testify in a court of law, one is asked to “swear.” But I believe scripture indicates not to swear.

Do you have any suggestions of how to handle the situation?

A: Israel swore oaths before God. The Law says thou “shalt not swear by my name falsely, nor profane the name of thy God. I am the Lord” (Lev. 19:12). There are many references to Israel swearing to truth. David swore an oath to Jonathan (1Sam. 20:12). Israel was made to swear (Ezra 10:5). Isaiah 65:16 prophecies that the earth shall swear by the God of truth and Scripture cannot be broken.

The idea of not swearing in Christianity comes from Matthew 5:34-36 when Christ said: “Swear not at all; neither by heaven; for it is God’s throne: Nor by the earth; for it is His footstool: neither by Jerusalem; for it is the city of the great King. Neither shalt thou swear by thy head, because thou canst not make one hair white or black.”

This was interpreted as meaning you shall not swear an oath at all. For that reason, affirmations were permitted in a court of law. The text by Christ is “let your yes be yes and your no be no.” The sense of this was that pagans were swearing by their mother’s graves, and by all sorts of other strange ideas. The oath is: “Do you swear by almighty God to tell the truth the whole truth and nothing but the truth, so help you God?” This is in accord with the sentiment of the text in Isaiah. The word “swear” has been changed to “affirm” and the term “Almighty God” has been removed. Pressure for the change came from Atheists and Pagans, but it also assisted the truly devout to avoid the possibility that they were in contravention of the dictum of Christ here in Matthew 5:34-37. Thus, he produced a hedge around the sentiment of swearing using the texts in Exodus 20:7; Numbers 30:2; Deuteronomy 23:21. Thus, we can deduce that Judah had introduced practices regarding swearing under the Law which contravened the Law and the Spirit of God. Look at the papers Law and the Ninth Commandment (No. 262)Law and the Third Commandment (No. 255)  and Swearing By God (No. 32)).

What is your view on what the punishment should be for violence on the innocent?

A: The implementation of punishment is contained in the papers on The Law of God (No. L1). Look at the papers: Law and the Sixth Commandment (No. 259); Law and the Seventh Commandment (No. 260); Law and the Eighth Commandment (No. 261) and Law and the Ninth Commandment (No. 262).

In the second resurrection, violence to the innocent is made good by God. All are resurrected and all are retrained in the Holy Spirit. Look at the logic of the release of Satan. At the end of the Millennium, God orders the release of Satan in order to deal with the planet. He also has allowed him to remain in power on this planet for six thousand years when he has the power to restrain him, and does so restrain him for the Millennium.

In this sense God is complicit in the evils of this world and responsible for allowing the evils to take place. Do we then judge God: By no means. This whole creation is a teaching exercise and at the end of it we will lose no one. We will keep the laws of God and love one another because it is clear to us all what will happen when we do not do so. The purpose of all punishment is the rehabilitation and protection of all people concerned.

What is your position on the death penalty? Is it biblical? If so, how should it be accomplished?

A: Yes, every one of the Ten Commandments is backed by the death penalty. The application of the death penalty is covered in the paper Law and the Sixth Commandment (No. 259) and Law and the Fifth Commandment (No. 258).

Leviticus 19:28 and Deuteronomy 14:2 teaches a Bible student what in relation to tattoos?

A: Tattooing and marking or carapacing is an ancient practice that is forbidden under the laws of God. The origins of the system are found in most ancient societies. The word (tat) actually comes from Polynesia and means, “to strike repeatedly.” The history and ancient times in both Egypt and Mesopotamia are in the paper Tattooing (No. 5)The earliest tattoos in ancient Egypt had the form of a fly (associated perhaps or seemingly with the god of Ekron) and also a form of cross like a swastika.

I appreciate the Biblical direction to “Owe no man.” I have been reading how the 7th year of a 7-year cycle should work. It would appear to me that there is provision to “owe” others at least for a time, otherwise why would debt that lingered past the 6th year need to be forgiven in the 7th year? In this day and age there seems no way to purchase land or houses within 6 years. How can we live in current economic conditions and obey this law?

A: The Bible is quite clear that it is improper to charge interest on any loan. Our world system makes slaves of our children and our poor. No debt can be carried on past the Sabbath year. We should owe no man anything. We should pay our debts. This is very difficult in modern society. Our people have virtually been sold into slavery by the system we have. We are all trying to get out of debt and simplify our lifestyles. We all find this very hard, and we have made it harder for our children than it was for us. The Jews get around this by saying that only applies to the Jews but they are only one of twelve tribes. Our houses are over priced. Our people are destroyed for lack of knowledge and those who obey God’s Laws make themselves prey. Look at the papers on The Law of God (No. L1), and especially Law and the Eighth Commandment (No. 261).

 

Is it okay to gamble? Surely it is simply spending hard-earned money to make more?

A: The Law works on productive increase. The making of money off the losses of another is contrary to the spirit of the Law of God. The Roman Catholic Church condones and in fact uses gambling. That is almost unique in the English speaking system. Gambling in America and Australia has been allowed to increase and the poker machine system has intruded virtually everywhere, such that the results are catastrophic. Gambling can become compulsive addictive behaviour for some as is the case with alcoholics and other drugs users. Compulsive gamblers lie, cheat and even steal to maintain and support their habit. At this point it destroys relationships, marriages and families. Many resort to suicide when things are out of control.

Problem gamblers have a specific mind-set in which the brain operates differently to that of other people. The prospect of gain makes the brain cross transfer impulses and produces larger than normal activity. They can’t help what they do. The pleasure is in the rush of actually risking all and losing. It is only the loss that is the true and full release. The social costs of gambling are horrendous and it will be stamped out in a just society

Food Laws

We are careful to obey Gods food laws. A friend of ours does not eat mushrooms because they have spores to reproduce and he does not consider a spore to be a seed. Have I been wrong in eating mushrooms?

A: No, Mushrooms can be eaten. This idea came from the concept that as we were given seeds to eat and clean animals and spore driven items were not specifically mentioned then anything that grows from spores is unclean in that they are not mentioned among the foods to be eaten or not eaten.

If spore borne items were not to be eaten as unclean then we would be in real trouble. We could not eat Leavened Bread at all as yeast is a spore product. The offerings at Pentecost would be a bizarre contradiction as the two loaves at Pentecost are leavened. God would be ordering us to contradict his own laws.

Beer is leavened by yeast. Wine is yeast fermented. Wild spores are in the air and we eat them all the time. All food has been exposed to some spore activity. Yet God tells us that only for seven days are we not to eat leaven. This is a case of excess zeal not according to knowledge. The people who said this no doubt are trying to be faithful to what they know but have picked up this error from some of the more way out groups keeping the food laws.

One of the academics in the Oxford/Cambridge system published a book a few years ago now about Christ and the mushroom cult. That sort of reasoning is the result of an overactive imagination. The Church of God should be able to see through this error.

We know the food laws are in effect, but if someone needs supplements, i.e. calcium, should it be from a clean animal or plant-based or because it is not being consumed for food, it does not matter? 

A: This is an interesting point. Most food supplements that are required are necessitated by vegetarianism, which is a perversion of Bible laws. If the food laws are obeyed and clean animals are consumed, the necessity for food supplements is considerably reduced. If quality vegetables are consumed in proportion, then the likelihood is reduced. If vitamins were needed, then the manufacturing process would not normally involve unclean animals. In the case of insulin, there are types available from clean animals. The Food laws protect the planet and its environment as well. Look at the papers The Food Laws (No. 15); Vegetarianism and the Bible (No. 183); Wine in the Bible (No. 188) and Balance (No. 209).

Some people I know refuse to eat pork and certain fish. Are they just being fanatical or could there be a valid reason for this in this century with refrigeration available?

A: There is a valid reason for it. The food laws were given in the Bible. God does nothing without good reason. The food laws were dismissed by anthropologists such as Mary Douglas on taboo grounds. Drs. Nanji and French had demonstrated in 1986 that pork was a cause of cirrhosis of the liver. There are a host of other scientific reasons that are covered in the paper The Food Laws (No. 15).

 

There are sound reasons for not eating all the unclean varieties prohibited in Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14 and the handling legislation. The Foodlaws were not eliminated in the New Testament and Acts 10 concerns the conversion of the Gentiles, and not Peter eating unclean food. Look also at the papers Balance (No. 209)Vegetarianism and the Bible (No. 183) and Wine in the Bible (No. 188).

Do biblical food laws prohibit eating meat? Or just certain meats like pork?

A: The food laws prohibit the eating of certain types of meat such as pork. All animals that chew the cud and have cloven hooves are clean to eat. Thus, one can eat a giraffe but not a pig. The pig, among other things, has been demonstrated to cause cirrhosis of the liver due to a chemical in the soft tissue of its flesh that cannot be removed. There are sound scientific reasons for all the food laws.

Fish that can be eaten must have fins and scales. The reason for this is that fish without scales lack the capacity to isolate heavy metals and toxins making them unavailable for human consumption. For example, one can eat tuna but not shark. The reason is that a tuna has scales and that seems to be indicative of a process whereby the mercury levels, while similar to a shark, are bound up with selenium to make it unavailable for human digestion. The selenium is again bound up with arsenates, which are too small to effect human digestion. Prawns and similar seafood have heavy metals in distributed forms throughout their bodies. Oysters cause various entero-viruses and are reinfective agents. Look at the paper The Food Laws (No. 15).

Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14 seem to indicate we are to eat certain types of food and avoid other types of food. Do these food laws tie to the ten commandments?

A: All of the law and the prophets are subtended from the Two Great Commandments. These are:

  1. You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your mind and with all your strength.
  2. You shall love your neighbour as yourself.

The Ten Commandments are directly under these. The first four Commandments hang from the First Great and the last six hang from the Second Great Commandment. The Fifth Commandment ties the two together. The responsibility to “make alive” covers a series of aspects both of the environment and of the individual. The well being of the planet depends in part on the food laws. These are explained at the paper The Food Laws (No. 15).

The relationship to the Law is found in the Law series Law of God (No. L1) and particularly Law and the Fifth Commandment (No. 258) and Law and the Sixth Commandment (No. 259).

All of the Laws of God tie into the Ten Commandments and the prophets explain them all. The New Testament is simply commentary on them. That is why it is so absurd to suggest that Messiah would have eliminated them in any way. That is why we are commanded to read the Law every Sabbath year so that we understand how the Law works and interacts. All of the Law proceeds from the nature of God and reflects that nature.

Tithes and Offerings

I once belonged to a church, which had special offerings that were taken up on the Feast day, seven times during the year. I’ve also read in Deuteronomy 16 and in Exodus 23 that there are three feasts to attend and that offerings were made here. Wouldn’t God be more pleased with seven annual offerings than with only three? 

A: If God had wanted seven offerings in a year, He would have said seven and not three times a year. If He had wanted a weekly offering, He would have said that. Instead, He instituted the tithe system and three offerings a year at the three feast seasons. The issue of tithing and offerings is examined in the papers Tithing (No. 161) and Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256).

I was studying your paper Tithing (No. 161), when I saw that offerings are to be 3 times a year not 7. I do agree. You also mentioned Atonement is strictly forbidden as an offering. Could you please tell me where I could find the Atonement offering forbidden in these scriptures?

A: The law regarding the Atonement tax is at Exodus 30:15: “The rich shall not give more the poor shall not give less than half a shekel when they give and offering unto the Lord to make an atonement for your souls.” Originally it was a tax without exception in Israel. Now it is a tax without distinction paid for us by Christ, and salvation is open to the Gentiles and they enter Israel by grace and adoption as sons of God.

This concept is developed in Acts 10:34 and Romans 3:22,23; 10:12. The offering is a heave offering. Bullinger also understands this point in his notes to the Companion Bible at Exodus 30:15. When an offering is taken up on Atonement, it is a direct violation of the Law and a rejection of the all-embracing power of the redemption of Christ and the extension of Salvation to the Gentiles.

My pastor says that if a believer does not tithe he is stealing from God and therefore is a thief, and that thieves do not go to heaven. Is he scripturally correct? 

A: Your pastor is referring to the text in Malachi 3:7-12. If you do not tithe, you rob God. This is covered in the paper Tithing (No. 161). It is a sign of the return of the individual to God. However, it is only one sign and your pastor cannot have it both ways. The Law of God has to be kept and so do the commandments regarding the festivals. The Tithes and Offerings are tied up with the Feasts of the Lord. Look at the paper Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256). It is all too common for ministers to appeal to the law regarding tithing, and yet ignore it on all the other important aspects. You may find it interesting to look at the series on The Law of God (No. L1).

No one goes to heaven. It was the test of a true Christian in the early church. If anyone said that they were a Christian and that when they died they went to heaven, they were not to be believed. That was the test of a Christian and a Gnostic. Anyone who said that when they died they went to heaven, showed by that statement they were a Gnostic and not a Christian (see Justin Martyr, Second Apology). This is covered in the papers The Soul (No. 92) and The Resurrection of the Dead (No. 143).

ISRAEL

Weren’t there 12 judges in Israel? Does this have anything to do with there being twelve tribes? 

A: The twelve judges of Israel have a relationship to the twelve tribes and were drawn from them. The apostles also head the twelve tribes and the 144,000 are also allocated to them. The twelve apostles and the twelve judges all represent the twenty-four elders of the inner council, and the twenty-four high priests of the division of the Temple also have this symbolism. Look at the papers The City of God (No. 180) and Samson and the Judges (No. 73).

Do you know how many kings there were in Israel from Saul until the deportation by the Assyrians? 

A: There is a list of the kings in the Companion Bible at Appendix 50 but the chronology is completely erroneous. The Kings of the combined kingdom of Israel and Judah were Saul, David and Solomon.

Jeroboam reigned over Israel from the Division, and Rehoboam reigned over Judah. From then on the kings of Israel were: Nadab, Baasha, Elah, Zimri (7days), Omri, Ahab, Ahaziah, Jehoram, Jehu, Jehoahaz, Jehoash, Jeroboam II, Zechariah, Shallum (1 month), Menahem, Pekahiah s. of Menahem, Pekah s. of Remaliah, and Hoshea. In 722 BCE, the fall of Samaria to the Assyrians occurred and Israel was taken into captivity. Total: 22 kings of Israel.

This question involves one of the tribes of Israel. The tribes are numbered as thirteen when the two half-tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh are counted separately but when they are counted as one single tribe they are numbered as twelve. In Genesis 49 Ephraim and Manasseh are counted as one tribe. In Ezekiel 48 the two half-tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh are treated as two separate tribes, making the number of the tribes thirteen. Regardless of how one counts the tribes, the fact is Dan has been left out here. Why has Dan been left out of the 144,000?

A: The birthright is with Joseph because Reuben lost it through fornication with one of the wives. Levi was the priesthood and so became the thirteenth tribe, but not taking part in the physical blessings of Israel directly but through the tithe, which was given to it as the priesthood. Joseph, as the birthright holder, had a double portion under the law. This went to Ephraim firstly and Manasseh secondly. Look at the papers Law and the Fifth Commandment (No. 258) and The Law of God (No. L1) and the Law series generally.

In Numbers 10 we see the battle order of the tribes of Israel. These are East: Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun; South: Reuben, Simeon, and Gad; West: Ephraim, Manasseh and Benjamin; North: Dan, Asher, and Napthali. These differ from Ezekiel 48, which is a prophetic or millennial system. In that system, Joseph goes back to one allocation and Dan resumes their order. Reuben goes to the North with Judah as firstborn, and this is now the reverse of the order of battle of the original tribes. There is also an allocation of the lands according to the tribes as well, which is not being examined here. The lands of Israel will stretch to the Euphrates.

The text in Revelation 7 refers to the priesthood for the inner priests of Christ comprising the 144,000. These were drawn out as living sacrifices comprising a council of 72 per year for the forty Jubilees of the church in the wilderness. 72 x 2000 equals 144,000. This is explained in the paper The Harvests of God, the New Moon Sacrifices, and the 144,000 (No. 120). Levi’s major function is as a priest tribe therefore they resume their normal duties and take a share in the priesthood of the 144,000.

To achieve this Dan who has another major birthright promise to take up yields part of its inheritance as does Ephraim and they share in the 12,000 of Joseph who is always a combined tribe. Manasseh takes 12,000 in its own right, which is very interesting. Dan then takes its birthright and becomes judge in Israel as promised in Genesis 49:16. This is the reason for the verse: “I have waited for thy salvation O Lord.” Only on the return does Dan take up his inheritance as Judge in Israel. This is Scripture and cannot be broken.

Dan then takes its position at the East gate in Ezekiel’s system with Joseph and Benjamin, the children of Rachel. This is the place of entry of the Messiah and hence the seat of Judgment. There is another point also in the birthright promises that has not been taken up as yet, and that is the calling of the people to Jerusalem. That birthright is taken up by Issachar and Zebulun (Deut. 33:18-19). Look at the paper Calling the Peoples to Jerusalem (No. 238). None of these three tribes has exercised these birthright promises as yet and Scripture cannot be broken. God’s word does not come back void or empty.

Does God give any indication as to the criterion for the order of the tribes for battle (as referenced in your answer citing Numbers 10) and for the order of the tribes at the gates (cited in Ezekiel 48)? Levi is not in the battle order (with Ephraim and Manasseh counted as sons of Israel) but Levi is in the gate order (with Ephraim and Manasseh represented by Joseph)?

A: Levi is in the battle order in Numbers 10 carrying the Ark of the Covenant and the Temple, but is broken up for these purposes. Look at the paper The Ark of the Covenant (No. 196). They carried the physical structure and thus, were an order of priests set apart for that purpose.

We are the Temple of God now and we are the Oracles of God. We are the Ark of the Covenant and that is why Jeremiah was told to hide it where he did. If they found it again where it is hidden, we would have to send a team to re-bury it. There is a new order of priests after the order of Melchisedek, and which comprises Levi who paid tithes in the loins of Abraham to Melchisedek and is thus a lesser priesthood. Hence, Levi is one of the priesthood for the millennial system and thus appears in the gate order as the apostles of the twelve tribes are over each one. Look also at the papers Melchisedek (No. 128) and The Oracles of God (No. 184). This gate order in Ezekiel tells you the gate order of the City of God. Thus, we can also be given an indication of the foundations of the apostles over the tribes from their placement and dispersion. This is another matter. Look at the paper The City of God (No. 180).

It is also our view that the order of the tribes in the Gates is indicative of the order of March. As you are aware, Messiah enters always via the east gate and that is why it is bricked up at the moment in the wall at the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. The witnesses will probably shatter that gate when they arrive, in preparation for or at the arrival of Messiah, when the Mount of Olives cleaves and the First Resurrection occurs. Look at the paper The Witnesses (including the Two Witnesses) (No. 135). As Dan is judge, it is also in the East gate with the birthright tribes, but Dan leads the sons of Rachel, the birthright tribe of Joseph (i.e. Ephraim, Manasseh and the son of the promise, Benjamin). Dan thus becomes first and not last. Judah is the rearguard, instead of Dan, as Messiah is our rearward or rearguard protection. This will take place during the Millennium also. It is written: Manasseh shall feed off Ephraim then Ephraim shall feed off Manasseh (which is where we are now) and then both shall feed off Judah. Again, Scripture cannot be broken. Look also at the paper Rachel and the Law (No. 281). This may also give an indication of the birthright shift from west to east.

Three tribes were also given an inheritance over Jordan, these were half Manasseh, Reuben and Gad and some Ephraim and Dan also joined them in Gilead. Dan split into two as well in the occupation. Israel and Assyria will come out of Europe in the north, hand in hand, to reoccupy the Middle East also. We moved into Europe in the second century CE when the Parthian Empire fell and joined the rest of the Israelite-Hittite-Phoenician alliance in Britain and West Europe in the fourth century. The Bar Kochba rebels of Judah had gone on to America after the failure of the revolt in the second century. Look at the paper The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars (No. 268).

Allen’s work of Judah’s Sceptre and Joseph’s Birthright misidentified the tribal movements and trivialised the issue. The US and BC in Prophecy, published by the  Worldwide Church of God, merely reinforced the historical errors by plagiarising Allen’s work. The movement from Europe will be after the wars of the Fifth and Sixth trumpets. The last wars of the kings of the North and South are about to begin. Look also at The Seven Seals (No. 140) and The Seven Trumpets (No. 141). The movement will commence with the flooding of the Netherlands and the low countries in the not too distant future (See the paper Global Warming and Bible Prophecy (No. 218).

 

This is in reference to the allocation of the 24 elders. I realise there are 4 cherubim around God’s throne. I thought this would make 4 quadrants or areas of responsibility; therefore I would divide 24 by 4 and get 6 elders given responsibility under each cherub. The division might continue with the 12 judges and 12 apostles each also being allocated responsibility under a cherub, with 3 judges and 3 apostles to each quadrant. Would this be correct?

A: Yes, your idea is correct. Israel was divided as two divisions to a tribe. There were three tribes to a quadrant. The zodiac is a corruption of the divisions of the government which the tribes represent.

The East, and first, quadrant under the Lion which is of Judah is: Judah, Issachar and Zebulun. They are first in the order of march. Second is the South, or man system, of Reuben Simeon and Gad. Third is the Western, or Bull-headed system, which is Ephraim, Manasseh and Benjamin. Fourth, or last, is the Northern or Eagle system, which is also represented by a Scorpion and balances in judgment. These tribes are Dan, Asher and Napthali.

These are the rearguard of Israel, hence the sting in the tail and also the symbol of the serpents path. The Tabernacles and the priesthood move between the First and Second Quadrants. The position of the Ark is examined in the paper The Ark of the Covenant (No. 196). Look also at the papers The Meaning of Ezekiel’s Vision (No. 108) and The Government of God (No. 174). This structure will become the City of God. Look at the paper The City of God (No. 180).

Moses

In this verse (Ex. 32:19) it states that Moses broke the 2 tablets. Then he had to go back up to get them written again. Does this have any significant meaning? Is there more to this than Moses just getting mad?

A: Yes, this has great significance. The symbolism was that Israel would break the law and be unable to keep it in a state of sin, being divorced from God. The second time represented the new Moses who was to come as Jesus Christ, who would ascend to the Mountain of God and return with the Holy Spirit, which would lock the law of God in all our hearts.

That is why, when Christ ascended to the throne of God on the Wave Sheaf at 9 a.m. following his resurrection, he returned that day and breathed the Holy Spirit on the disciples and said, “Receive the Holy Spirit” (Jn. 20:22).

Would you please explain if Moses’ wife and 2 children went with Moses when he returned to Egypt to lead God’s people to freedom? Exodus 4:20 seems to indicate they were along on part of the trip; yet, Exodus 18:1-5 indicates that Jethro brought Moses’ wife and children.

A: Zipporah went down to Egypt with Moses and the two boys as we see in Exodus 4. She appears to have tried to prevent the circumcision of Eliezar and nearly had him killed because of that fact. She then did it herself to save his life and accused Moses because of it. The language in the texts is accusative. She was herself a descendent of Abraham, through the sons of Keturah, and should have known better.

Exodus 18:2 says that Moses sent her back. It was probably at this point in Ex. 4:26 that he sent her back to her father Jethro from the inn, thus she did not make it to Egypt. The meeting of Aaron and Moses in the next verse (Ex. 4:27) makes no mention of her or the boys. Nothing short of wholehearted spiritual strength would bring Israel out of this Exodus with their minds set on God.

In Exodus 14 it speaks of the hosts of Pharaoh. Who were these and do they have symbolic meaning? 

A: The entire story of Moses and the Exodus is dealing with the nation, and also the fallen host that it worshipped and by which it was governed. The significance of this is covered in a paper on the Exodus called Moses and the Gods of Egypt (No. 105).

The entire structure of the Bible is allegory and parables dealing with the structure of the Plan of Salvation. You will also enjoy the paper Pentecost at Sinai (No. 115), which takes the Exodus on to Sinai and the giving of the Law. The next paper in that aspect is The Golden Calf (No. 222). Thus, we have both a physical host and spiritual host, which God dealt with through Christ. Look also at the paper The Pre-Existence of Jesus Christ (No. 243).

I need some information on the Red Sea parting. I once saw something about a scientific reason for this. Any biblical reference will be of great importance for what I am looking for.

A: For a long time scientists and people in general have been trying to explain away the miracle of Israel and the Exodus in the crossing of the Red Sea. Some linguists try to make it read the Reed Sea and place it as a marsh in the area of the canal. The Israelites allegedly marched over the marsh of the reed sea and the Egyptian chariots sank. However, that is not what the Bible says happened.

There is another version which places Pi ha Hiroth on the Gulf of Aqaba. It is asserted that the gaps in the mountains either side allowed the deluge to wash down massive amounts of soil and that there is a bridge under the water, some few hundred feet down. Thus, the sea was piled up on the sides of the underwater bridge and the Israelites crossed into Midian near Jebel el Laws in Saudi Arabia. The name means, “The Mountain of the Law” in Arabic. There is a video purporting to have been made at this site. We have no evidence of its authenticity. When we can send a team there, we will look for the crossing.

Which day of the First month did Israel start the seven-day march around the walls of Jericho?

A: Israel, under Joshua, crossed into the Promised Land on the tenth day of the First month, and was set aside to the Lord in circumcision on that day. They abode four days and on the Fourteenth day of the First month, they killed the Passover and ate of the old corn of Canaan on the First Holy Day of Unleavened Bread (Josh. 5:11). This act enabled Rahab to be counted by the scarlet thread on her lintels, and salvation was again extended to the Gentiles as part of Israel.

Joshua 5:13 says that “it came to pass that when Joshua was by Jericho that he lifted his eyes and there stood a man against him with a drawn sword.”

This is held to be between the 15th and 21st of the First month. We can assume that they kept the 15th as a holy day as commanded. We can make one of two deductions. The command of Christ as the Captain of the Host of God came to him when he was near Jericho. We might assume that the story is conjoint and that he spoke with Christ on the 14th day, and that the activities of the host took place from 15th Nisan and went for seven days. The Seventh Days were the Holy Days, and the walls went flat and the children of Israel entered on the last Holy Day of Unleavened Bread. This has merit in that the symbolism of the feast of Unleavened Bread is to remove sin, as malice and wickedness, from among us. The fall of Jericho is symbolised by this activity. The difficulty with this is that the major activity of the battle took place on a Holy Day.

We might conclude that this was done to show the victory of the host was enabled by the right conduct of Israel as the Church keeping the feasts of God. In this light, the case has merit. In the other view, we might say that the story is continuing; that the events took place over the Feast and the Last day’s activities took place on the day after the Holy Day. In which case, we overcome the objection but we lose the full power of the symbolism of the Battle and the purpose of the feast of Unleavened Bread.

The story is covered in the paper The Fall of Jericho (No. 142) but this aspect is not properly developed there. The seven days were most probably the seven days of Unleavened Bread from 15 to 21 Abib. The battle and victory took place at the end of the Feast. The end result is that the first day was 15 Abib, but it may possibly have been 16 Abib. It is discounted as being after the 21st, as the full symbolism of Abib is lost.

Christ probably appeared to Joshua as the prototype on 14 Abib.

The fall of Jericho sounds a little like the book of Revelation with the marching around the city for seven days, and going around seven times on the seventh day. Is this coincidence, or is there a link here? 

A: The actions of the Old Testament were a reflection of the New Testament and the Church. The entire story of the forty years in the wilderness and the taking of the Promised Land were a reflection of the forty Jubilees in the wilderness of the church.

Christ met Joshua, son of Nun of Ephraim, at the plain of Jericho as the captain of the Army of God, and he will come again to Israel to save them and place them again in their inheritance. The paper The Fall of Jericho (No. 142) deals with the similarities of which you speak.

Was there any significance to the red cords that Rahab was told to put in the window of her house so that the Israelite army would not kill anyone in her house? 

A: The red cords were a symbol of the blood of the lamb that was on the doorposts and lintels of Israel in Egypt. Rahab had made a deliberate decision to affix herself to the body of Israel. She was the symbol of the salvation of the Gentiles. There was a mixed multitude that also joined Israel when they went out of Egypt.

The Lamb was her protection here, as it was in Egypt. Here he came as the captain of the Army of the Lord. He also gave the Law to Moses. The same thing was said to Joshua as was said to Moses: “Take off your shoes for the place where you are standing is Holy Ground.” Look at the paper The Fall of Jericho (No. 142).

Rahab was told to put red cords in the window of her house so that the Israelite army would not kill her or her family. Is this the same concept as the blood put on the doorposts of the Israelites’ houses on the first Passover?

A: Yes, but not many people make that connection. If Judah understood that, then they would all be converted. This is why we have to keep the Lord’s Supper on 14 Abib and the Night of Watchings on 15 Abib. That is why the first thing the pagans eliminated from the Church was the Passover, and substituted Easter using the bishops in Rome from Anicetus in 152 to Victor in 190-192. Once they did that, the Church in Rome was cut off from Christ and the rest was easy. Look at the paper The Quartodeciman Disputes (No. 277) and also the papers The Lord’s Supper (No. 103)The Passover (No. 98) and Sanctification of the Temple of God (No. 241).

Idols and Images

There seems to be a contradiction in the story of the golden idol or idols that Aaron either made or allowed to be made while Moses was upon the Mount. After the completion of the molten calf or calves, he said at Exodus 32:4 “These be thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt.” Then Nehemiah 9:18 says they had made for themselves a molten calf, indicating a singular idolCould you please clarify the difference?

A: Yes, this is another contradiction in the Bible, which serves to illustrate a lesson. Aaron is recorded as saying: “These be thy gods, O Israel” and Nehemiah says Aaron said, “This is thy god, O Israel.” Aaron is speaking of the earrings that were used in the construction, which were themselves amulets which were collected, and from which the calf was made.

Nehemiah’s reference is in the singular to illustrate it was only one idol made up from many individual amulets. The calf was allowed because it served as a teaching lesson and cleaned idolaters out of the priesthood. The nation was also cleaned of the amulets. The idolatrous purpose behind these protections for the orifices of the head is explained in the paper The Origin of the Wearing of Earrings and Jewellery in Ancient Times (No. 197)The story of the Calf and the theology behind it is found in the paper The Golden Calf (No. 222).

In reading further about the account of Israel making an idol while Moses was away, I am wondering why they chose to make a calf instead of say a lion or a bear or some other creature. Was there some particular reason why they chose to make a calf?

A: The calf was a symbol of the moon god, Sin. The horns, symbolised by the crescent moon, were also associated with the finger of Ashirat, which was another name for the deity associated with the feminine aspects, as Istar. The horns in Egypt were also associated with Hathor who was a symbol of fertility as a pregnant horned female. As the mother goddess she was associated with Isis and also Nut. Isis was the consort of Osiris and the mother lover of Horus, as was Easter (or Istar or Ashtoreth) of the Baal-Easter system. They are all part of the mystery sun cults.

The Trinity stems from this system as the Triune God and appears in Egypt as Osiris, Isis and Horus; in Palestine as Baal, Ashtoreth and the Morning star as the third element; and in Rome it was as Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva who was the virgin of the Immaculate Conception. These elements were transferred into Christianity in total by the fifth and sixth centuries. The term “Easter” comes from “Istar,” as does “Ostar” or “Ostara.”

The Minotaur of the Cretans is the same as the god Chemosh and Milcom (hence Malcolm) of the Moabites and Ammonites. The human sacrifices were offered to the god and sometimes cooked alive inside it. This is the origin of passing your children through the fire to Moloch. This Golden Calf was worshipped among the Irish Celts until the 5th century and cannibalism is noted among the Scots in France during the same century. The details are found in the papers The Golden Calf (No. 222) and The Origins of Christmas and Easter (No. 235).

I heard that images were authorized based on John 3:14 “And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up.” The reasoning was that Christ approved the making and exalting of the brazen serpent, by which the Israelites were healed in the desert. I know Christ would never support worshipping an image but what is the correct understanding of the text?

A: Moses used the brazen serpent as a symbol to Israel that they had power over the serpents and it acted as a psychological prop for people who were bitten (cf. Num. 21:9). No one prayed to it or worshipped it. Moses was dealing with the problem of getting an uneducated people to a point where God could work with them. It was also a prophecy that referred back to the position in Genesis where the heel of the seed of the woman would bruise the head of the serpent and he would bruise his heel. This referred to the battle between Christ, as head of Israel and the Church, and Satan. It looked forward to the redemption of man by the elevated Christ who was to die for our sins. These papers are relevant: Moses and the God’s of Egypt (No. 105); Pentecost at Sinai (No. 115) and The Cross: Its Origin and Significance (No. 39).

Joshua

I am doing a report on the man Joshua in the Bible. I have several questions, but a lack of resources. I need a basic bibliography of Joshua’s life and how he did things. Can you help?

A: You can get an idea of the life of Joshua, and the symbolism of what he did and his environment, from looking at five papers for the background to the Exodus and the significance of what he did: The Passover (No. 98); Moses and the Gods of Egypt (No. 105); Pentecost at Sinai (No. 115); The Golden Calf (No. 222) and The Fall of Jericho (No. 142).

He was the son of Nun of the tribe of Ephraim. The concept of his name here means, “the Salvation of God (Yahoshua) comes through Endurance (Nun).” These were names of the Messiah. “Jesus” is a rendering in English of the Greek form of writing “Joshua.” It is correctly translated Joshua in English (see the paper Joshua, the Messiah, the Son of God (No. 134)).

He was a young man in Egypt who came out with Moses. He was one of the twelve spies and the only one of the twelve, along with Caleb of Judah, to enter the Promised Land. He rose to war leader of Israel and was chosen as Judge of Israel to enter the Promised Land. He took Jericho and then the cities mentioned in the Bible text in progression. He lived to 110 years of age. He was buried in his inheritance on the North side of the hill of Gaash on the border of his inheritance, which was the city of Timnath Serah in Mount Ephraim. The Septuagint adds to Joshua 24:30 that they buried the knives of stone with him that he used to circumcise Israel at Gilgal.

Look at the Book of Joshua for the details of the conquest and his life, as that is the most comprehensive account. You will find sketches of his life in the Bible dictionaries at your library. Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible is a good one and so too is ISBE.

I was reading the book of Joshua and saw a few things that were of interest. One was that when he was to take the people over the Jordan to the land God had promised them, he had a priest step into the Jordan and it was divided just like the red sea and the people went across on dry land. Does this prefigure baptism? Also they had to circumcise all the males again because they had wandered in the wilderness for forty years. Why weren’t they circumcised 8 days after birth? Joshua was instructed to take 12 rocks and make a memorial. Do the 12 rocks represent the 12 apostles?

A: Joshua is a very interesting text. The symbolism of entering the Promised Land was like that of Israel in the Exodus. The Passover brought them out of Egypt. This was a type of Christ, who was the Passover Lamb. They could have gone into the Promised Land when the twelve were sent to spy out the land but only two, Joshua and Caleb, were dedicated enough. These two symbolised Israel and Judah.

They then had to spend forty years in the wilderness before they were allowed to enter. That is the same as the Forty Jubilees of the Church in the wilderness. They were not circumcised so as to make a difference between the old generation, which refused to take up their inheritance, and the ones not part of the decision that were born in the wilderness. That represented the Church.

The Church has to be prepared once again for the coming of the Messiah, and so does Israel. The priest standing in the Jordan was symbolic of baptism. These people were brought through the Jordan and then circumcised into Israel and the Covenant. The circumcision here represents the rolling of sin from the Gentiles and from the nation of Israel. There were twelve stones left in the middle thread of the river. This is a boundary marker and the division of Israel and the world. There were twelve stones also taken as an altar at Gilgal.

There are thus two lots of twelve as twenty-four stones. These in two divisions represent the two aspects of the priesthood and the apostles and judges. The symbolism of what happened there and its relationship to the Plan of Salvation and the Return of Messiah is explained in the paper The Fall of Jericho (No. 142).

 

What is the meaning of the 2 spies hiding in the hill country for 3 days (Joshua 2:1-24)? There are many references to 3 days, i.e. sign of Jonah, etc.

A: It is another example of the two witnesses’ concept. We saw it with John and Messiah, and we will see it again when the witnesses get here. The two spies act as witnesses against the civilisation they are sent to spy out. In the last days, the two will stand for 1,260 days and then they will be killed by the world systems. They will lie in the streets for 3 ½ days and then be resurrected. Look at the papers The Fall of Jericho (No. 142) and The Witnesses (including the Two Witnesses) (No. 135).

 

Judges

What is the meaning of this passage (Jud 9:7-21) in reference to 4 different types of trees and other components of the text?

A: The trees of Judges 9:7-21 represent the trees of Israel’s power and the fourth false system of the Antichrist that is allowed to rule over it, and in the end destroys it.

Trees went forth, in the emphatic sense in the Hebrew, with great earnestness of purpose. (cf. Companion Bible n. to v. 8). The first is the olive, which represented Israel’s religious privileges and power (cf. Rom. 11 and Zechariah 4 re the olive trees). The Olive Trees are the power of witness of the nation of Israel. By the oil of its fatness, the nation honours God. In other words, the power of its witness was used to glorify God. But the spirit, who represented the trees, wanted it to participate in a false system of self-aggrandisement.

They asked the fig tree, which was the symbol of Israel’s national privileges (Mat. 21:19-20; Mk. 11:13, 20, 21; Lk. 13:6-9). This was its birthright promise. The fig held to its birthright under temptation of the host, who wanted to tempt it to defeat its birthright promise.

The vine was Israel’s spiritual privilege. For the vineyard of the Lord is the whole house of Israel (cf. Isaiah chap 5 and John chap 15). The word “leave” in v. 13 is “forsake” as in v. 11, and the concept is that of forsaking the power of the Holy Spirit through this temptation of the host and its false system. The wine here is “tirosh” or “new wine” which cheers both God and man. This is the wine of the Lord’s Supper and the Passover of the saints of God.

The bramble is the false tree of the Antichrist system and the false system of worship, which devours Israel through the fallen host and the Babylonian Mystery and sun cults. This is seen as devouring the false nation under the Antichrist system. This also can be seen from the concept of the story of Gideon. Look at Gideon’s Force and the Last Days (No. 22).

In Judges 19 we read about a situation where a Levite has a concubine that has been gone 4 months and he goes after her to reconcile after she has been unfaithful. It is quite similar to the time of Lot. The woman is raped to death by the sons of Belial then her man dismembers her and distributes the 12 body parts into all the coasts of Israel. Is there some symbolism here for us today and why did they not hesitate to turn the women over to these men as Lot was also willing to give his daughters?

A: Yes, there are some striking parallels in this story. The tempting conclusion is that the symbolism of the Levite is Christ, as elohim of Israel. The concubine from Bethlehem-Judah (a Jewess of Messiah’s clan) who was unfaithful was Israel that was taken in and repented as the church. Bethlehem-Judah was also of the Gentiles in Tamar and Ruth.

There are two periods of four whole months, which are two lots of 120 prophetic days. This was allowed to happen so that the message to the tribes would be understood. The tribe of Benjamin was the youngest and the “son of the promise.” Saul was also from Gibeah. The tribe was almost wiped out and then was allowed to be rebuilt by the stealing of the daughters of the tribes.

The Church was abused and murdered by the sons of Israel. Israel decided to rebuke Benjamin, but lost 40,000 men in two days. But Benjamin was destroyed except for 600 who formed a nucleus of the new tribe. The real message is that Israel paid a price for the treatment of the Church and the sons of the promise were also wiped out and then had to be built up at the expense of all.

Gideon

Would you please explain if Gideon had 70 sons (Jdg. 8:30) or 72 because Abimelech and Jotham were his sons and not accounted for in the dead of Jdg. 9:5? What is the significance of these numbers and systems?

A: Yes, the seventy represent the elders of Israel and the council of the Church. The Sanhedrin were always referred to as the seventy, but were always understood as seventy plus two. They represented the Council of God and were understood as having the two. This was depicted by the seventy with Eldad and Medad outside the tabernacle under Moses. Moses and Aaron also depicted the positions of Christ and God over the seventy.

This position was also seen in the Sanhedrin at the time of Christ, where the Seventy were supervised by the High Priest and his deputy (Annas and Caiaphas at the time of Christ). This later became the Nasi or prince and the High priest. Luke 10:1,17 shows that the seventy were ordained by Christ and sent out but the text in the Greek reads “hebdomekonta”[duo] or seventy[two]. Gideon represents the story of the church in the last days. Look at the paper Gideon’s Force and the Last Days (No. 22).

Samson

Was Samson’s power really derived from his hair, or did he just think so? 

A: His hair was a symbol of the power of the Holy Spirit. Until the Messiah, the closest one could get to the elect was as a Nazirite under vow, and their hair was not cut.

Other than that, God conferred his power on individuals according to their selection as prophets or kings, such as David, or the elders of Israel, and the Judges. Now all men can approach God through Christ and be given the Holy Spirit. What they do with it determines their entry to the First Resurrection.

God also calls whom He chooses and predestines. These are the called and chosen of Romans 8:29-30 and they are thus justified and glorified. Many are called but few are chosen. Look at the paper Samson and the Judges (No. 73) for a fuller explanation of the operation of the Holy Spirit in the cycles and the explanation of some important parables.

Samson gave a riddle to thirty companions (Jdg. 14:12-14). Later Samson’s wife told them the answer, after which he got mad and went into town and slayed 30 men and took their festal garments and gave them to the companions. My question is this: Is there some kind of symbolism to this story?

A: The story points to the structure of the inner council of God and also to the salvation of the Gentiles. The council is comprised of seventy plus two. But the inner council is comprised of twenty-four divisional commanders or elders allotted to the four covering cherubim, in divisions and structures of two to a unit of twelve as were the high priests symbolising them; and then into quadrants of six in three units as were the tribes of Israel divided into quadrants of three making up twelve tribes (see Num. 10).

The Lamb and the Ancient of Days make up the inner throne council of the thirty. Satan was also removed from this council and will be replaced. The thirty garments are representative of the allocation of the Holy Spirit in power and the opportunity of salvation going to the Gentiles. If they had gone to God, He would have told them that out of the dead carcasses of the lion came the fruit or honey of the Holy Spirit.

The word “Essene” means “Bees” and this was the ancient religion of Assyria right up until the time of Christ, and was seen in the Celibate priests of the Baal-Easter system. Instead they ploughed with Samson’s heifer and he killed them and took the garments they already had. This was a warning to the demonic host as well. Look at the paper Samson and the Judges (No. 73); The Judgment of the Demons (No. 80); David and Goliath (No. 126) and The Pinata (No. 276).

Ruth

In the book of Ruth, Boaz represents Christ and Ruth the Church. Who does Ruth’s kinsman, who does not fulfil his obligation to marry her, represent? Is it Satan or someone or something else? 

A: It is symbolic of Levi and Judah as a whole who failed the Gentiles because of their xenophobia, and also of Satan and the fallen Host who were given the responsibility for the Gentiles but failed to take them into the Kingdom of God as brides.

The elder kinsman is both Levi and Judah, and the Anointed Covering Cherub that was Lucifer. Look at the paper Ruth (No. 27) and also look at Lucifer: Light Bearer and Morning Star (No. 223) and Lost Sheep and The Prodigal Son (No. 199).

1Samuel

Would you comment on 1Samuel 6. Once again I noticed it contained the number 5. How did the Philistines have a concept of the guilt offering? Is there any significance regarding the cities and their religions? Also was the ark returned around Pentecost since they were harvesting wheat?

A: In this text in 1Samuel 6 we see the Ark receives its own divine title as “The Ark of Yahovah.” The Law was placed within the Ark, as the Law proceeded from Yahovah of Hosts to the entire Host through the Holy Spirit.

The Ark was captured after the Feasts of the Seventh month and was with the Philistines for seven months. The symbolism is this. Israel was to live by the law of God and protect the Law as Holy, Perfect, Righteous and Good Truth, which thing also is God.

The Ark was given to the Gentiles and they had it but did not live according to the laws of God and so the curses or the plagues of Egypt came upon them. In this way, they attracted the emerods and the mice, which were the plagues of Egypt. They got piles, in other words, and no doubt boils and other things, as well as the mice plague.

However, we know that the five cities of the Lords of the Philistines were all struck by the plagues and they were given until the Passover, and then the second Passover experienced during the Omer count and the fifty days to Pentecost, which is the Wheat Harvest.

So, the Philistines were given a chance at salvation. They were given the five months of grace, from the Last Great Day to the Preparation for the Sanctification of the Temple and the Passover, which they did not observe and so they were under judgment and the curses of Deuteronomy 28 came on them being under judgment. Look at the paper The Blessings and the Curses (No. 75).

They did not repent and take the First Passover, and then failing that the second Passover, as is provided by Law. Look at the paper Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256). This was to look forward to the opportunity, which was to be given to the Gentiles for the Law of God to come upon them as the Philistines were given charge of the Ark.

The five Lords had as witness against them the two plagues, which they symbolised in their votive offerings of emerods (haemorrhoids) and mice. These five cities of the Philistines were similar to the five nations that were later given the area of Samaria and Galilee. The five are a symbol of grace. By grace God conferred salvation on the Gentiles.

The Philistines failed to live by the laws of God and so incurred the penalties. They had literally to give up the Law of God and the Ark, symbolising the Holy Spirit that proceeded from God. They had to hand it back to those whose right it was. In this way, any Gentile who comes into the Church and does not live by the commandments of God is removed and cannot enter the Kingdom of God. If they do not speak according to the Law and the Testimony (Prophets), there is no light in them (Isa 8:20).

The Holy Spirit gave command to the priests of the Philistines as it commanded Balaam. Look at the paper The Doctrine of Balaam and Balaam’s Prophecy (No. 204). The Philistines knew what the religion of Israel was and had observed it first hand for centuries.

The result was also to stand as a witness to Israel. They asked for a sign that they might tell that it was the God of Israel that smote them with the plagues. It was to have gone up by the way of the House of the Sun, which stood on the border of Judah and Dan.

This is another reprimand for Israel, as they have been backsliders into the worship of the sun cults and Baal-Easter for millennia. They will not learn, even to this very day, for they are a stubborn and rebellious people, the whole house of Israel.

The cart came into the field of Joshua, which is the name of the Messiah, and the cart was used as fuel and the oxen were offered up as a sacrifice to the Lord God in that place called the House of the Sun Beth-Shemesh.

The Ark was set down on the Great Stone of Abel at Beth Shemesh. This is a reference to the Church that was begun with Adam, and the first sacrifices that were accepted as those of righteous Abel. The Holy Spirit had been given to the patriarchs, and the Church had been founded on the Rock that was God with the Ark representing the Holy Spirit. On this stone God would build His church through the Holy Spirit and on the foundation of the apostles with the chief corner stone who was Joshua, the Messiah, the Son of God. Look at the papers The Ark of the Covenant (No. 196); Doctrine of Original Sin Part 2 The Generations of Adam (No. 248) and Joshua, the Messiah, the Son of God (No. 134).

When David slew Goliath we are told that he picked up 5 rocks from the stream, one of which killed Goliath (1Sam. 17:40). Do you think there’s any symbolism to there being 5 rocks and not say 4 or 6 or 7 rocks?

  1. Yes, there is a symbolism. The five rocks represent the five churches that make it into the Kingdom of God in Revelation, chapters 2 and 3. Two churches do not make it. These are Sardis and Laodicea, with only individuals of these organisations who triumph.

One of these churches is used by Messiah, here represented by David, to strike the giant of the world’s systems in the forehead, where is found the mark of its system. In the last days, truth and the well-aimed stone of David as the anointed King of Israel, who is yet to take up his crown, overcome this system. The symbolism of the religious structures of the world and the Philistine’s relationship to them is seen in the paper David and Goliath (No. 126).

What did King David achieve in his life? Why is his story important? How did God touch his life? 

A: David was chosen by God to be King of Israel, and David was given the Holy Spirit to achieve that end. He was also placed in various positions and tests to provide lessons for all of us, as to the conduct of a man after God’s own heart.

He was used to make all preparations for the Temple of God. David prepared and then Solomon built the Temple. This was to serve as an illustration of the lessons of creation and the Plan of Salvation. The story of his battle with Goliath and the theological significance of that event are covered in the paper David and Goliath (No. 126).

The place of David in the Plan of God will be dealt with in the paper Rule of the Kings Part II: David (No. 282B)His time in history and the entry into Jerusalem is discussed in the paper Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272)He is to be the king of Israel under Messiah as elohim, as are the elect from Zechariah 12:8.

1Kings

In Exodus 20:3 God commanded us not to make any carved images of anything. When I was studying 1Kings 6, especially verse 23 and on I see that Solomon made 2 cherubim of olivewood and carved others. Why is this? Also what is the significance of the cherubim, palm trees and the open flowers that were carved?

A: The Second Commandment is read in two ways. One is that no image of anything is to be made at all. The second way is that no image on anything that is to be worshipped is to be made. It is “thou shalt not bow down to it or worship it” that is conditional to the making of the image itself.

This is obviously the meaning, otherwise the instructions for the building of the Ark of the Covenant were in direct contradiction to the Second Commandment and Solomon’s actions here, and in the subsequent temple, are all in breach of the Commandment. So too, we see Ezekiel’s Temple is in breach of the Law.

Israel never worshipped any graven image or object, and the cherubim were no exception. It is from Ezekiel that we see the identity and purpose of the anointed Covering Cherubim. There were four of them. They are represented as the Bull-headed, Lion-headed, Eagle-headed, and Man-headed cherubim. They surround the throne of God. Look at the papers The Meaning of Ezekiel’s Vision (No. 108); The Government of God (No. 174) and Pentecost at Sinai (No. 115).

2Kings

From 2Kings chapter 2 is there any significance to the fact that just before Elijah gave his mantle to Elisha and was taken by God, that they went from Gilgal to Bethel, to Jericho, and finally to Jordan, each time Elijah telling Elisha to wait for him?

A: The Gilgal here is not the well known Gilgal near Jericho, but the one between Tibneh and Shiloh (cf. 4:38). In this case, it was a circle. The instructions were a test for devotion and the passage of the power. He had been foreordained, from his anointing, to follow Elijah and to slay those that Jehu did not slay. His devotion shows his progression and identification, and then his receipt of power after the taking of Elijah in the chariot of God. At each point, Elisha was met by prophets and told that his master was to go that day. The effect of all this was to establish Elijah in the eyes of the prophets, and as the key prophet of God.

Would you please explain why 2Kings 25:8 and Jeremiah 52:12 both seem to be describing the same event but have different dates listed? The same question follows with Jehioachin’s release from prison in 2Kings 25:27 and Jer. 52:31.

A: The word in Kings is that he came “to” Jerusalem on the seventh day of the month. He set fire to the city. Jeremiah says he came “into” Jerusalem. This is a bit like the fall of Jerusalem to the Australians and British in December 1917. The attack went in on the seventh, and it was taken by the eighth, but Allenby did not enter until the Australians had secured it and the contingents were in place on the eleventh of the month. This aspect has been examined in the paper The Oracles of God (No. 184).

In the case of the release of Jehoiachin the order appears to have been given on the twenty-fifth day but not carried out until the twenty-seventh. The texts of 2Kings 25:27 in the Septuagint and the Syriac say “and brought him forth out of his prison”. The text in Jeremiah does not say that. Thus, we must deduce that he was ordered released and that he did not take his place at the king’s table for two days. This was probably to rehabilitate him.

Esther

Do you think Esther 9:13 is a prophecy of the 10 men being hung after the Nuremburg trials?

A: This is an interesting parallel but not necessarily prophecy. The Book of Esther is certainly not just a story about Judah 2,500 years ago. Haman was an Amalekite. Agag was killed by Samuel in front of Saul because Saul had let him live. That activity looked forward in prophecy.

The wars of the Amalekites look forward to the days of the end at the end of the forty Jubilees in the wilderness. They were carried out just before Israel went into the Promised Land. Israel was forty years in the Exodus and then fought the wars of the Amalekites. Israel was forty Jubilees in the wilderness and then fought the wars of the 20th century. The wars of the Fifth and Sixth Trumpets have still to be fought. Look at the papers The Seven Seals (No. 140) and The Seven Trumpets (No. 141).

Over that last period, from 1914 to the present, we have seen a drive for the defeat and extermination of Judah, and also of Israel. The Jews are not the Israelites. Judah is only one Tribe of Israel, and Levi is another while not all Levi is in Judah. The Holocaust was involved in the story of Esther and the hanging at Nuremburg was part of that story, but it has gone on for decades.

The Arab wars are also part of the process. Messiah will come to save those who eagerly await him. Judah will be converted in the last days at the very end. The explanation of the Story of Esther is in the paper Commentary on Esther (No. 63).

Job

Could you explain the significance of the fact that Job had 7 sons and three daughters? These numbers are repeated in that he had 7000 sheep and 3000 camels, 5000 oxen and 5000 she asses. These numbers must have important significance?

A: The round numbers 7, 3 and 5 are held to denote perfection and sufficiency according to Daath Mikra (cf. Soncino fn. to Job). This aspect also carried over into the function of the numbers in relation to the church. The seven spirits of God and the seven angels of the seven churches are accompanied by the three other candlesticks of Messiah and the two witnesses making the ten.

The seven churches have five only that are accounted worthy, and hence five is also the number of grace. The entire structure is one of plenty and sufficiency according to the purpose of God, yet these were allowed to be destroyed by Satan because they sinned. Look at the papers Symbolism of Numbers (No. 7) and Birthdays (No. 287).

The point is that of perfection removed through sin. Children are sanctified in their parents, but are killed through sin. God allows actions to be undertaken to test and deal with people in the faith. Job could not save his children because they were of age and they had taken up with a foreign religious system in the practices they were undertaking as Job knew, and hence the sacrifices.

This lesson is to the church and the nation. The nation is not protected in the birthright promises through idolatry. The Church is not protected in sin. Loss is made good also through faith and faithfulness. The break-up of the 5000 is through grace. The five and the five, wise and foolish virgins also are a consideration in the concept of the retention and loss of salvation.

Can you give me some insight on the book of Job? Was this Job also the Job mentioned in Genesis 46:13?

A: Yes, it is commonly accepted that Job is the son of Issachar mentioned in Genesis 46:13. It seems most probable that Job was in Midian and the friends seem to be Midianites. The work was most likely given to and written by Moses while he was in Midian, and formed the preparation for the Exodus and the writing of the Pentateuch. It may well have been the first book of the Bible written.

Psalms

Can you explain Psalm 82? Is the Psalm referring to the angelic host or the human elect?

A: The text refers to all the sons of God, both heavenly and human. He said he was a son of God and He quoted this Psalm in John 10:34-35 and said that Scripture cannot be broken. We are to all become elohim (cf. also Zech. 12:8). We are all to be sons of God and as elohim or gods. The text also speaks of the fallen host as judging unjustly (the poor here are the oppressed) as well because in 82:7 it says: “But you shall die like men and fall like one of the princes.” Thus, the unjust ones of the elohim are brought down to the pit and die like men and fall as any human prince. This theme is also taken up in Ezekiel 28 ff., and Isaiah 14.

In this text we are speaking of Messiah who stands as judge among the congregation of the elohim. 82:8 says, “Arise o elohim, judge thou the earth for thou shall inherit the nations.” This is Messiah, and the true version of Deuteronomy 32:8 (RSV) has Israel allotted to Yahovah as his inheritance when the nations were allotted to the sons of God. However, here all nations are part of the inheritance and so we see that all nations are to come into Israel and under Messiah. Thus, the entire host will come under Messiah as judge and king. Look also at the paper The City of God (No. 180).

Psalm 137 indicates that Israel’s captors required them to sing “one of the songs of Zion.” This seems like a strange request if you are conquering a people to ask them to remember their songs and the meanings of the song. Any ideas why this request of their captors?

A: The captives of Judah had been taken away, just as Israel had been taken away by the Assyrians under Shalmaneser in 722 BCE. The Babylonians were mocking them. The songs of Zion are the Psalms of the Lord. They were effectively saying, “Well, you were not protected by your God. Where is He now? Sing us a song to Him.” The purpose of captivity is to bring us to repentance and to a knowledge of the Lord God of Hosts. Each time we have fallen into the ways of the heathen we have been sent into captivity and that may well occur again very soon.

Proverbs

I have a question regarding the book of Proverbs, chapters 8 and 9. I’ve heard from people, that the wisdom in that book is Christ. Is that true? I always believed that it was talking about the Holy Spirit or one aspect of that Spirit. Some try to prove the eternal existence of Christ with that text. What is the correct answer? 

A: Wisdom is rendered here in the feminine and was understood as the “Sophia,” Greek for “wisdom.” The Holy Spirit is the function or power of God, which confers wisdom. Kings (and princes) reign in wisdom through it, as the text says in verses 15 and 16. The Lord possessed wisdom in the beginning, before His works of Old. The text says: “I was set up from everlasting from the beginning before ever the earth was.”

The Trinitarians cannot use this as a text for the co-eternality of Christ, as it clearly says that wisdom was set up from everlasting: from the beginning. Thus, wisdom is a creation of God, whether it was referring to Christ or the Holy Spirit.

The text that refers to Christ is in verse 30:

“Then I was by Him as one brought up with Him and I was daily His delight; Rejoicing always before Him. Rejoicing in the habitable parts of His world” (Heb: tebel ‘arez and tr. earth in the KJV: See Bullinger fn. to v. 31 Companion Bible).

Whosoever finds wisdom finds life and favour from the Lord. This is the Holy Spirit, which is being spoken of, as the cosmology of the Bible depends on this force of God tying all the sons of God together from their generation.

Thus, for Christ to be one with God, he needed the Holy Spirit to achieve that and thus, the Holy Spirit is logically prior to the unity of the Host. The fact that it was removed from the sons of God who rebelled reinforces that fact.

The comments in chapter 9 place wisdom as a female building her house. She has hewn out the seven pillars. She has killed her beasts, she has mingled her wine and she has sent forth her maidens. She is the Church. The Holy Spirit is the Church because without it, the Temple of God cannot exist. We are that Temple. We are the house of living stones that is the Temple of God. She is the bride of Christ. Her maidens are the elect of the marriage supper. The seven pillars are the angels of the Seven Churches and are the seven spirits of God.

One could say that the invitation to come eat my bread and the wine, which I have mingled, refers to Christ. But remember that John says clearly that Christ had to go to the Father who was his Father and our Father and his God and our God. When he returned to the Apostles he was able then to blow the spirit on them and say, “Receive the Holy Spirit” (Jn. 20:22). The text explains itself.

The Fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom, and the knowledge of the Holy Spirit is understanding. “For by me your days shall be multiplied and the years of your life shall be increased.” From Proverbs 9:13, we are given the example of the foolish woman, which is the false church under the false spirit set up by the fallen Host under Satan. It is referred to in the New Testament (cf. 1Tim 4:1-2).

There is no doubt we are speaking of two women here and one was with God from everlasting and is the woman that is the Church. The concepts are explained in the papers The Holy Spirit (No. 117); Consubstantial with the Father (No. 81)The Development of the Neo-Platonist Model (No. 17)How God Became a Family (No. 187) and The City of God (No. 180).

I once belonged to a church, which taught that the main message of Proverbs 31 is that women should be subservient to their husbands. While I do agree that the head of the woman is her husband, I am beginning to think that there is more to Proverbs 31. What would you say is the main message in that text? 

A: The king is Christ and the woman is the Church, and the Church is then comprised of men as heads of families, and women as the woman. The main message is that the church has to perform as a proverbs 31 woman at all times. The explanation of this text is given in the paper Proverbs 31 (No. 114). Too often the text is used by churches to silence women and deny their own responsibilities.

Ecclesiastes

Ecclesiastes 7:1 states “A good name is better than precious ointment; and the day of death than the day of one’s birth.” Could you explain why the day of death is better than the day of birth? This would seem to be the opposite of what most people would believe?

A: The celebration of birthdays is a pagan custom that came from the Babylonians. Look at the paper Birthdays (No. 287). The idea is carried on by the Satanists and the Stargazers, who use it as a fate determination and to elevate the individual above God and as a god. The Bible position forbids this view. Our destiny is to become sons of God. We await the resurrection of the dead so we can become sons of God in power through the Holy Spirit so God can become all in all (Eph. 4:6). Look at the papers The Soul (No. 92) and The Resurrection of the Dead (No. 143).

So, you’re saying that the day of one’s death is better than that of their birth because we are that much closer to the final destiny of mankind which is to be a son of God in power, as God becomes all in all? Interesting how Satan has deceived most of the world into celebrating their birthday while confusing them as to their destiny after the resurrection from the dead.

A: Yes, the Soul Doctrine and the invention of the great lies of Heaven and Hell are part of the deception of the false religious system he established.

PROPHETS

Isaiah

Does Pharaoh have symbolic meaning for the future exodus that is coming?

A: Sodom and Egypt are names for the nations under the demons. In this sense Pharaoh is a name for Satan, as is Tyre and Babylon. In the coming Exodus the demons under Satan will be bound. The Bible shows that Israel will march out of the north, hand in hand with Assyria, and a highway will be built from the north to Jerusalem and also from Egypt to Assyria (Isa 19:23). They shall all serve together, and Israel will be a third with them. They will all be blessed together by God and they will serve the Lord together from Jerusalem.

Isaiah walked naked and barefoot for three years as a sign to Egypt and Ethiopia that they would be taken captive, and the coast land would also be taken captive, naked and barefoot by the Assyrians (Isa. 20:3-6). In the final phase the breach will be healed and they will serve the Lord together at Jerusalem. Look at the paper Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272)Trumpets (No. 136)The Day of the Lord and the Last Days (No. 192); The Seven Trumpets (No 141) and The Millennium and the Rapture (No. 95).

Who is being spoken of here in Isaiah?

Isaiah 65:1-6  I am sought of them that asked not for me; I am found of them that sought me not: I said, Behold me, behold me, unto a nation that was not called by my name. 2 I have spread out my hands all the day unto a rebellious people, which walketh in a way that was not good, after their own thoughts; 3 A people that provoketh me to anger continually to my face; that sacrificeth in gardens, and burneth incense upon altars of brick; 4 Which remain among the graves, and lodge in the monuments, which eat swine’s flesh, and broth of abominable things is in their vessels; 5 Which say, Stand by thyself, come not near to me; for I am holier than thou. These are a smoke in my nose, a fire that burneth all the day. 6 Behold, it is written before me: I will not keep silence, but will recompense, even recompense into their bosom,

A: There are two groups here. One group represents the gentiles of the church who seek God and obey His commandments. The other represents the nation of Israel, and those who associate themselves with it – those who know God but eat swine flesh and other abominations and burn incense on their hewn and constructed altars contrary to God’s Law.

These are the false priests of the false religious system who destroy the commandments of God and lead the people astray. They set themselves apart as holy from the people they lead. God says these people are an abomination in His sight, a smoke in His nostrils. To fully understand the ramifications of the text, you have to know where the ten tribes of Israel are found. Israel is not the Jewish people, but Judah is one of the twelve tribes of Israel. There are elements of Judah, which also fall into this self-righteous mentality. It stems from the Pharisees and entered rabbinical Judaism from that source.

The movement of the Tribes and their location is discussed in the paper The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars (No. 268)The identity of these false priests and what happens to them is also discussed in the paper The Messages of Revelation 14 (No. 270).

Isaiah 26:14; 43:17 and Jeremiah 51:57 are used by some to claim that there are many that will not be awakened from the dead. To whom are these verses referring? Was it from a certain time frame only?

A: The text in Isaiah 26:13-14 refers to the Rephaim, who have no resurrection. They are the Nephilim of Genesis 6:4. Their identities are examined in the paper The Nephilim (No. 154). Jeremiah 51:57 refers to the fall of Babylon and the death of the host who are with them. This is not the same as the Rephaim in Isaiah. These people are put to sleep and are dead. However, the matters are examined in the papers The Judgment of the Demons (No. 80) and The Resurrection of the Dead (No. 143).

What is meant by purifying themselves in the gardens behind one tree? Why the reference again to eating swine flesh? What’s the significance of the mouse? (Isa 66:17)

A: The structure of the Mystery cults was around the Asherah, which was often an oak tree. Isaiah 1:29 commences this sequence and we see it in the texts in 57:5; 65:3; and 66:17. It runs oaks, gardens, oak, garden in the sequence. These are the places of worship in the Mystery cults. The oak leaf is also condemned in 1:30. The Asherah was a phallus and it was often used with a phallic implement.

The cutting of mistletoe and the other items associated with the solstice are part of this festival. It is the basis of Christmas and Easter. In the depictions of the mystery cults in the Roman frescoes there was also a kid. This appears to be the origin of the Bible prohibition of the kid seethed in the milk of its mother. A phallic implement was also depicted and that is why the mysteries were also popular with the women. The fertility rites associated with these systems came in as the Christmas and Janus festivals. They then went on through the Carnival and Shrove to Ash Wednesday, and then Lent, and on into the Easter festivities. None of it is Christian, and that is what God is condemning here. Look at the paper The Origins of Christmas and Easter (No. 235).

The mouse is ‘akbar (SHD 5909 pr. ‘akbawr) as attacking and hence a mouse as nibbling. There are twenty-three members of the family Muridae in Palestine, and we are unsure of the exact species. There was a cultic practice of sacrificing and eating field mice, and Maimonedes preserves the tradition that it was carried out by the Harranians. Haran was the centre of the Babylonian Moon cult from 2000 BCE, and hence the centre of the mystery cults. It was a centre of Lunar paganism down until Christian Times. (cf. Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible, vol. 2, p. 524). They worshipped the Moon God, Sin, and the Triune system of the Mother goddess, and the Easter and sun system. This same system penetrated Christianity. Look also at the paper The Golden Calf (No. 222).

The real problem is that Israel will not repent of this evil. The English speaking people, and the European Aryans, are wedded to their iniquity and to these pagan festivals.

The entire civil calendar of the USA is based on the pagan days of Human Sacrifice. It is impossible for it to be a coincidence. The administration has to be influenced by paganism and witchcraft at their decision making levels. God will deal with these people very soon.

Jeremiah

Jeremiah 4:15ff. seems to infer a prophet in the end times warning the nations and condemning false religions etc. How will we know when this prophet is among us? Is there a time sequence for this prophet?

A: The text refers to the voice from Dan that publishes affliction from the mountains of Ephraim. Warn the nations that “He” is coming and beseigers or watchers come from a distant land. The term in this text is not the same as the Watchers elsewhere and thus may not refer to the heavenly host.

The text is corrupted in some Bibles because of its implications. The fact of the voice does not mean it is a single prophet but rather it is a warning issued in the last days concerning the coming of the Messiah and may be a work of many people of the church. It is however a specific warning. The question has been examined in the paper The Warning of the Last Days (No. 44).

Ezekiel

Ezekiel 46:20 seems to say that animal sacrifices will be performed again in the Kingdom? Could this be possible?

A: Yes, it does and they will be performed. The killing of animals will be for the festivals and systems of worship on the Sabbaths and New Moons. Zechariah 14:16-21 shows clearly also that there will be meat killed and eaten in Jerusalem and the pots shall be holy to the Lord. Look at the papers: The Millennium and the Rapture (No. 95); Vegetarianism and the Bible (No. 183); God’s Calendar (No. 156) and Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256).

 

We read in Ezekiel chapter 26 about the destruction of Tyre by Nebuchadnezzar. In verse 21 it says that Tyre shall be no more and never found again. Yet, in Matthew 15:21, we find Jesus going to Tyre. How can this be?

A: Tyre was taken by Nebuchadnezzar after a thirteen year siege (Isa. 23:1; Josephus. A of J, x, 11, 1; Contr. Apion, i, 20). The prophecy began to be fulfilled then. The prophecy covers a period of time and deals with it as a declaration.

The fate of Sidon was different. Tyre was destroyed and was a promontory in the sea and she was made as a bare rock. The garrisons or pillars are visible even today in the sea. The area was known at the time of Christ and the text of which you speak says he went into the parts or regions of Tyre and Sidon. It is rendered “coasts” in the KJV. The text in Ezekiel is concerned with the fallen host as well, and Tyre typifies Satan and we see that develop over the texts in Ezekiel 28. The text in chapter 29 then goes on to deal with Egypt and its fall. See the paper The Fall of Egypt The Prophecy of Pharaoh’s Broken Arms (No. 36).

Is there a reason in Ezekial’s Temple that there are carvings of a young lion’s face toward a palm tree and a man’s face toward the palm tree on the other side? 

A: Yes, there is a reason. The lion-headed and man-headed beings are the two living creatures around the throne of God. The palm tree represents Messiah, who was the tree Moses used to cleanse the waters at Meribah on the way to Sinai. In other words, we could not take of the Holy Spirit without Messiah.

The rebellion involved a third of the Host, but one area is only a quadrant thus, there had to be two quadrants involved in the rebellion. These are the manheaded and aeon systems. These two beings are to be replaced and the elohim, with Messiah, are listed in the Bible. They are Moses (Ex 7:1) and Abraham. The text that makes Abraham an elohim has been mistranslated so it is impossible to find except in the original Hebrew. Look at the papers The Government of God (No. 174)How God Became a Family (No. 187) and The Covenant of God (No. 152).

Most of the people that have entered Israel since the war do not keep God’s Law. How do you understand the following scripture?

Ezekiel 20:37-38  “I will make you pass under the rod, and I will let you go in by number. 38 I will purge out the rebels from among you, and those who transgress against me; I will bring them out of the land where they sojourn, but they shall not enter the land of Israel. Then you will know that I am the LORD.” (RSV)

A: The Jews are only a part of Israel. There are nations of the ten tribes still out there who are greater and mightier than the Jews. In the last days there will be a second Exodus. This Exodus will make the first one pale into insignificance. It is mentioned in Isaiah (66:18-23).

This period sees the First Resurrection and then the breaking of the nations at Armageddon. After that event, the nations will be required to give up their Israelites from among them and they will be returned under the rod, as was Israel in the first Exodus.

Some that have already returned will be sent away into captivity. These rebellious will also die in the wilderness. The only people who will return will be those who keep God’s Law either physically or spiritually. All others will be allowed to die in the wilderness. Each will pass under the rod of judgment.

Those nations, which do not obey and send their representatives to Jerusalem each year at the feast of Tabernacles, will be given no rain in due season. Those that attempt to get around the law by irrigation, such as in Egypt, will be destroyed by plagues (Zech. 14:16-19). Eventually everyone will keep the Commandments of God and the Feasts, New Moons and Sabbaths.

The people who argue that the Law was nailed to the “stauros” in Colossians 2:14 will simply die. There will be no further discussion. That is Scripture, and Scripture cannot be broken. Look also at the papers Measuring the Temple (No. 137) and Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256).

Daniel

Could you explain to me Daniel 7:23-27?

A: The fourth kingdom is the “legs of iron” of chapter 2. This empire was the Roman Empire. It followed the gold of Babylon and the silver of the Medes and Persians and the brass of the Greeks and the Hellenised system. It went on into the feet of iron and clay.

The feet referred to the Holy Roman Empire formed in 590 CE and which lasted until the revolutions in 1848 ending in 1850 and being confined in 1870. The ten kings did arise and form part of this system. They persecuted the saints over the 1260 years of the empire. They first subdued the ten tribes by intrigue and treason after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the move into Europe (see the paper The Unitarian/Trinitarian Wars (No. 268)).

The feet also had ten toes, which formed the structure of the Alcvin twins or the “Thing” of Europe: The Parliament of the Aryans. In the last days this union forms a beast. This entire structure is the system of Antichrist, yet it claims for itself the power of God and uses that charge against others. This system wore out the Saints of the Most High over the 1,260 years, and in the 20th century from WWI and the Holocaust to the end of WWII and the death of Stalin.

The system changed times and laws for its followers. The “three and a half times” of the 1,260 years is the same time as that in Revelation 12. The Church is pursued by the dragon, which tries to kill the seed of the woman. But the earth helped her and swallowed the Church so that it could not be identified and destroyed by this false religious system and the power of the dragon.

This system will establish a final empire for one hour, which will rule the world and then disaster will descend upon it. The kingdom will be given to the Saints in the final wars of the end. Soon Christ will come to save those who eagerly await him.

In Daniel 12:1-2 God tells us of a time when Michael stands up and there shall be a time of trouble unlike ever before. Then the Bible says: ‘at that time many that sleep in the dust of the earth will awake, some to everlasting life and some to everlasting contempt’. Which resurrection is this and what exactly does it mean to be raised to “everlasting contempt”?

A: This period is referring to the Day of the Lord and to the entire structure of the resurrection. The concept here of everlasting life means the restoration to the spiritual fold as sons of God. The words “everlasting” here are “owlam” (SHD 5769) meaning time out of mind or to the vanishing point from the concept of concealed.

The Hebrew word rendered “contempt” is actually two words, neither of which is confined to what we understand as contempt. The first one is SHD 2781 “cherpah,” meaning reproaches or shame. The second is “dera’own,” (SHD 1860)  meaning abhorring, and in this sense it is contempt.

The view is that individuals will face judgment. The shame and abhorrence one feels when sin is made known is a very serious matter. We are healed by grace and the love of God. That does not mean we do not face shame for what we have done ourselves, and many will endure that knowledge as spirit beings and know that other spirit beings also know their sin.

That is why forgiveness is so central to the love of God. If we cannot forgive others, how can we expect forgiveness and, most importantly, how can we deal with shame that comes from perfect knowledge as a spirit being? The details of these processes are explained in the papers: The Soul (No. 92); The Resurrection of the Dead (No. 143) and The City of God (No. 180).

In Daniel 2:43 there is a statement about the toes of the image that says that “they shall mingle themselves with the seed of men: but they shall not cleave one to another, even as iron is not mixed with clay.” My question is who are the “they” being spoken of here, and what is meant by not mingling themselves with the seed of men?

A: These ten kings are also spiritual powers as the sons of God from Deuteronomy 32:8 who were allocated the nations according to the number of the sons of God. There were two cherubim, Satan and the Aeon and ten others making the inner twelve elohim of the fallen host. This was then also extended to seventy in the original.

This is a reason why Deuteronomy 32:8 was changed after the fall of the temple and the Jewish Hebrew MT is incorrect. One of the few Bibles that has it right is the RSV. Another is the Roman Catholic New American Bible. Thus, the government is that of the Antichrist over the entire period of its existence. It is the image of the beast of the Holy Roman Empire and then the union of Europe in the last days. This union is given dominion over the whole world and Christ returns to destroy it.

The demons are not allowed to mingle with the seed of men as they did prior to the flood. That happens within the Sign of Jonah and the fortieth Jubilee. “Their days” means the end of the time of the fifth and sixth power. Look at the paper Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272).

Daniel 7:9-10 seems to refer to fire being at the throne of God. What is the symbolism of fire? There are so many items that come to mind: the burning bush, pillar of fire, walking on coals of fire, etc.

A: The fire is the spiritual power that issues from the Throne of God. As the Ancient of Days, He dwells in unapproachable light. No man has ever seen him, or can see Him. He alone is immortal (1Tim. 6:16). It is in this aspect, as the One True God and Creator, that He is seen as Judge of the Universe. He has given this power to Christ in judgment.

Fire is used to portray the spirits, and power of God, and also the demons that fell from grace before this throne. That is why the flame is so important in demonology, especially in the seats of its power, for example at Rome in the Temple of Vesta and among the curia.

In the book of Daniel, we read of the three friends of Daniel being thrown into the oven. Is there some kind of symbolism here, and if so what is it? Also, why three men and not say seven, or twelve?

A: The three friends were chosen with Daniel to show the captivity of Israel and its deliverance under persecution.

The Triune system is represented also in these three. They were taken by Babylon and given names of the Babylonian system and these three represent in their own way the elect called out under God’s protection. The Son of Man was sent to protect them. As Christ walks with these three in the furnace he walks with us now. The heat of the furnace has been raised and as it killed the guards there so it will kill the system in the last days.

There are so many references to lions in scripture. Do you have any idea why Daniel was thrown into a lion’s den versus some other kind of animal or other test?

A: Lions were the largest predators available to them in Mesopotamia. They used them for disciplinary reasons as far down as the Roman Empire. They did not feed them well so that they would tear their victims to death and eat them.

Many of God’s people were tested in this way and were torn apart by wild animals. Daniel had no way of knowing if God would protect him or not. The same was true in the furnace of fire. They said, “We do not know if God will save us or not, but we will not worship you.” In this case, the king pronounced his own judgment as he said, “Your God whom you continually serve, He will deliver you.” In this case, God did this as an example to the king.

The king was caught in his own laws. His decree could not be altered even though he knew he had been tricked into the plan to kill Daniel. The fact that King Astyages spent the night fasting for Daniel showed his respect, and God heard the prayers of the king. The people who sought to kill Daniel set the test.

The Bible position is this: “He who digs a pit for another, falls into it himself and catches himself in his own snare getting out” (Prov 26:27). These people were then killed and eaten by the same lions they sought to use to kill Daniel, as were their wives and children. This is a powerful lesson on the laws of God (see The Law of God (No. L1)).

Hosea

What is the meaning of the Door of Hope and valley of Achor in Hosea 2:15? 

A: “Achor” means, “trouble.” The Door of Hope is Christ who is the door of salvation. The valley of trouble becomes the door of hope. This text must be compared with Joshua 7:24-26. Israel was burdened through the idolatry of some among it and one, Achan was stoned to death. The Lord’s wrath was stilled in that day and the valley of Achor also became a valley of hope to those who trusted in God through the Messiah. Look also at the paper The Fall of Jericho (No. 142).

Hosea takes the story of Joshua onward to the end days, and the idolatry that has permeated Israel through the Baal-Easter system will be removed. Israel shall be restored and they will call Yahovah, “Ishi” and “Baali” no more. For He will remove the names of these idolatrous gods from among us.

Joel

Could you explain Joel 2:23 for me? Some Bibles translate “early rain” as “teacher of righteousness”. Does this refer to Jesus and/or someone else?

A: Joel 2:23 is a prophecy that concerns Messiah and the Holy Spirit. The rainfall system in Israel was sparse and they were placed there in Canaan so that they were in direct relationship with God. The blessing of the rain was indicative of that relationship. That was in direct contrast to Egypt that relied on flood irrigation. The crops of Barley and wheat are reliant on the rains to develop their root system and then to branch correctly. The latter rain is necessary to fill out the corn for harvest. But it must not be too late other wise the crop is blackened.

Thus, the latter rain falls early in the first month to enable the Wave Sheaf and the subsequent harvest to be fully developed. Christ was the Passover lamb, but He was also the Wave Sheaf offering at 9 a.m. on the Sunday Morning. This also began the count to Pentecost of fifty days occurring on the Sunday at 9 a.m. fifty days later.

When Christ was presented as the Wave Sheaf, on the Sunday morning after the resurrection the previous evening (see John 20:17), He told Mary Magdalene to go and tell the disciples that he was going to His Father and their Father, and His God and their God.

Later that same day before dark, He returned and spoke to the disciples and breathed on them the Holy Spirit. This was the sign that He had returned with the rain of the Holy Spirit. Now this latter rain aspect has a twofold meaning. He was the Messiah of two advents. This was the former rain of the planting as well as the Passover of the harvest. The Omer count had begun to the wheat harvest, which harvest we are.

The latter rain will come with the Restoration of all things spoken of by Malachi. That process is commencing to be implemented now. In a few years, the witnesses will be with us and then the nexus of the law will be restored. Then the Messiah will come. Thus the latter rain is the final pouring out of the Holy Spirit on all mankind. It will take a lot of hard knocks to get there however, as most of humanity seems dedicated to destroying itself and ignoring God.

Micah

What is the meaning of: I set before you Moses, Aaron, Miriam? What symbolism do these individuals have when we read scripture? (Mic. 6:4)

A: Moses, Aaron and Miriam were sent before Israel when they were brought up out of the land of Egypt. The symbolism here in Micah 6:4 is that The Lord is expressing His controversy with Israel. He asks where has He wearied Israel? What has He done to us? He asks us to testify against Him. He brought us out of Egypt and He gave us leaders, priests, and prophets as represented by these three. He does nothing except that he warns His people through His servants the prophets first.

He reminds Israel of what the Moabites under Balak wanted to do and how they wanted to use Balaam, son of Beor. However, God was righteous. He also says that He requires us to do justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with our God. The rich among us use wrong measures and rob from the poor. The rich are full of violence and the inhabitants of our cities speak lies and are full of deceit.

He will smite Israel for the statues of Omri and all the works of the house of Ahab who served Baal-Easter. For this He will make us a desolation and a reproach. Israel still worships the Easter goddess to this very day. They are filled with the servants of Baal-Easter and the Khemarim, or black cassocked priests, who worship the sun cults and Easter. Their laws are not based on the law of God and they are changing them daily to this false European system. The inhabitants of the city are being spoken to in rebuke.

Chapter 5 speaks of the Messiah and His establishment of Israel. Chapter 6 deals with his rebuke of Israel. In this entire process, we see a span of 2000 years or forty jubilees. Messiah came, and Judah was given 40 years to repent but did not, and they were destroyed. The church was sent into the wilderness for forty jubilees, and a new order of Melchisedek was established. Messiah was at its head. In this period of time, Israel was given its birthright and will be brought to subjection before its God, and then the nations will be brought into it.

This period is covered in the paper Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272)The papers Measuring the Temple (No. 137) and The Messages of Revelation 14 (No. 270) are also important to understanding what is happening.

Would you please explain the meaning of Micah 5:5. Who are the 7 shepherds and 8 leaders of men?

A: Micah 5:2-3 refers to Messiah and the meaning of that text is covered in the paper Micah 5:2-3 (No. 121)The text in Micah 5:5 refers to the invasion of the nation of Israel in the last days by Assyria.  Isaiah 5:3 refers to the Church, which Christ has given up to the world until she has brought forth those of the elect who were predestined. Then, the remnant of Christ’s brethren shall be returned unto the children of Israel, which is also the Church.

At that time of the end, there will be a great tribulation and Messiah shall return to save those who eagerly await him. He shall stand in Israel as the great shepherd of Israel. The term feed means to tend as the flock.

Compare the following verses with this verse. Psalm 80:1; Jeremiah 31:10; Ezekiel 34:23; and importantly Genesis 49:24. He shall be great refers also to Psalm. 22:27; 72:8; 98:1; Isaiah 49:5,7; 52:13; Zechariah 9:10. The Hebrew regarding the Assyrian is emphatic. The terms regarding “When he shall tread in our palaces” can be compared with Isaiah 7:20; 8:7-10; 37:31-36;

The sequence as to what follows can also be compared with Isaiah 44:28; 59:19; Zechariah 1:18-21; 9:13; 10:3; 12:6. In the last days, the Israelite nations will be so weakened by treason from within and apostasy, that the Assyrian people will enter Israel. They will then turn to Messiah in repentance.

In the sequence that follows, there will be raised seven shepherds and eight principal men. This sequence is yet to be fulfilled. The concept of seven shepherds is akin to the seven angels of the seven churches. The eight principal men are akin to the judges in Israel as war leaders. The exact nature of this prophecy has not yet been revealed.

The time frame would indicate that this will occur probably in the next ten years. Seven nations under Ephraim will be galvanised with the eighth of Manasseh. The European system will again commence the war — WWIII. This time the English-speaking people will be destroyed by treason from within, through the agency of this European system. They will fight on their own soil for their very survival.

Messiah will return and the nations will be brought to repentance through their own almost total annihilation. Zechariah 2:8-13 shows that Yahovah of Hosts sends Yahovah to Jerusalem in the last days, and Messiah shall stand there to protect it. Judah will be restored in the last days, as will Jerusalem.

Isaiah shows that after this, Assyria and Israel will come hand in hand out of the north. In other words, Assyria will be brought to repentance as well. Have a look at the process in the papers Measuring the Temple (No. 137) and Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272).

The text in Micah 5:7-8 shows that the remnant of Jacob shall be mighty as a young lion among the Gentiles at that time. There is a distinction between the land of Assyria and the Land of Nimrod in this text (cf. Gen. 10:8-10). The entrances mean the passes of the land of Nimrod.

In other words, we will be cleaned of apostasy and weakness through our tribulation and the saving strength of Messiah. In the last days, we will have gone through the process of weakening and strengthening. Manasseh fed of Ephraim, and now Ephraim must feed of Manasseh, but at the end time both will feed of Judah under Messiah.

Zechariah

When do you think this prophecy of Zechariah 14 will come to pass?

Zechariah 14:16-19  And it shall come to pass, that every one that is left of all the nations which came against Jerusalem shall even go up from year to year to worship the King, the LORD of hosts, and to keep the feast of tabernacles.17 And it shall be, that whoso will not come up of all the families of the earth unto Jerusalem to worship the King, the LORD of hosts, even upon them shall be no rain. 18 And if the family of Egypt go not up, and come not, that have no rain; there shall be the plague, wherewith the LORD will smite the heathen that come not up to keep the feast of tabernacles.19 This shall be the punishment of Egypt, and the punishment of all nations that come not up to keep the feast of tabernacles.

A: After the return of the Messiah, the armies of the nations will be brought down to Armageddon and subjugated. Then the Second Great Exodus will occur. The system of the millennial structure will be set up at Jerusalem and the Law of God will emanate from there. All nations will be required to keep the Holy Days of the Bible (cf. Isa. 66:23) and send their representatives to Jerusalem for the Feast of Tabernacles and especially for the Reading of the Law in the seventh year. If they do not go up to Jerusalem every year, that nation will receive no rain and suffer the plagues of Egypt. This will take effect from the 121st Jubilee, which is the 41st since Messiah, and the 50th since the Restoration under Ezra and Nehemiah and the issue of what became the finalisation of the canon of Scripture, which we term the Old Testament. Look at the papers Outline Timetable of the Age (No. 272and Reading the Law with Ezra and Nehemiah (No. 250). This is Scripture and Scripture cannot be broken. The cosmology of the Roman Catholic Church is borrowed from the pagans and Gnostics and has completely negated the doctrines of the original Church through their introduced traditions.

God’s Calendar

In some literature, there is reference to blowing a trumpet on the full moon. In searching the Strong’s Concordance, I cannot find the term “Full Moon” mentioned even one time. Do we ever need to determine when the full moon happens?

A: No, it is not mentioned but some try to make Psalm 81:3 say “full moon” when it is the “new moon” of Abib or the new year in Abib or Nisan that is meant as the solemn New Year feast of the First Moon. It is a New Moon. If the New Moon is correctly determined according to the conjunction, then the feasts will fall correctly anyway.

The Feasts are centred on and determined from the New Moons according to the conjunction. These aspects are discussed in the papers: The Moon and the New Year (No. 213) and God’s Calendar (No. 156)Some fall on the full moon but all are determined from the New Moon. The full moon has significance for paganism and non-biblical cults.

Due to the passage at Joshua 10:13 where it is said that the moon stood still for about a day, some have said that time has been lost and that we cannot determine the exact days that God set aside for worship. Does this fact cause any calendar concerns for us today?

A: There are a number of miracles in connection with the sun and the moon. 2Kings 20:11 and Isaiah 38:8 also show that the sun went backwards. Amos 8:9 says it went down at noon. Isaiah 60:20 mentions “no more going down.” It is darkened in Isaiah 13:10; Ezekiel 32:7; Joel 2:10:31; 3:15 and Matthew 24:29; Revelation 6:12; 8:12; 9:2; 16:8.

This miracle is to be performed again (Luke 23:44,45). Psalm 19:4-6 deals with the motion. The important thing to note is that at no time was it ever suggested by any of God prophets that the times had been lost or the days misplaced. The entire Temple period was regulated according to the Calendar and there was never any suggestion, from Joshua to the close of the Temple, that the Sabbath and other days had been misplaced. Christ was silent on the matter and kept the entire Temple calendar.

If a day had been lost, then He was presented as the Wave Sheaf on the wrong day and there are no firstfruits. There has never been any suggestion that the Sabbath is misplaced except for a few uninformed Protestants who try to make Sunday the Sabbath. An equally uninformed group in Islam are trying to make the sixth day of the week the Sabbath using exactly the same arguments as the Protestants do for Sunday.

You have commented on the number seven being significant. Is there any correlation of the 7 days of the week to God’s plan?

A: Yes, the number 7 is the symbol of perfect spiritual completion and it relates to the entire creation. The seven days of the week are also of that complete creation. The Seventh Day Sabbath is part of the Plan of God, as a perfect “Sabbaton” or week made complete by the reconciliation to God in the last day, which is the Sabbath. The Hebrews and Arabs always had the week ending on the Sabbath.

The seven-day week came into the Roman system from the Egyptians. The Babylonians began the corruption of the week with the seventh day being determined from the New Moon instead of being independent from it (cf. ERE, vol. 3, p. 63). Look also at the paper God’s Calendar (No. 156).

Jubilee

What is a Jubilee, and what if anything is its significance? 

A: The Jubilee is the key cycle of fifty years in the calendar and the Law of God. The Jubilee determines the cycles of the tithe and of land ownership and control. It ensures freedom from oppression and slavery.

The Jubilee is a cycle of fifty years with the Jubilee year as the fiftieth year, but starting in the forty-ninth year with Atonement and lasting until Atonement in the Fiftieth. The Jubilee is blown at Atonement. The Law is read in the seventh year of the cycle and also with the Jubilee when all lands are returned to the lines of owners in the tribes. From the day after the Last Great Day at the end of Tabernacles the lands are then worked. That is so the harvest is ready again for the barley harvest at Passover and the Wave Sheaf Ceremony in Unleavened Bread. Look at the papers Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256); God’s Calendar (No. 156); Reading the Law with Ezra and Nehemiah (No. 250) and Tithing (No. 161).

 

We’ve learned that there are 7-year time cycles similar to the 7-day week and that the 7th year of each cycle is like the 7th day Sabbath where there is a rest. Then after 7 of these cycles, or at 7 X 7 (49) there is a special rest year called a Jubilee. How is the Jubilee year counted then? It would not start the next cycle as year 1 would it?

A: The Jubilee is counted as an eighth year of the cycle. It runs from Atonement of the Sabbath year to Atonement of the Jubilee year unlike normal years. This is so the restoration of lands can be made and the new holders can commence ploughing and sowing for the harvest at the Passover of the next and first year of the new Sabbath and Jubilee cycle. The cycle of the Jubilee is covered in the papers: God’s Calendar (No. 156); Tithing (No. 161) and Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256).

The Jubilee seems to be “blown” on Atonement (Lev. 25:9) and I assume this is a special observance during that particular 8th year. If it actually begins with Atonement then into which year do the first 7 months fall that occur just after the last day of the previous 7th year? Is it an extension of the 7th year or is this space of time not counted at all until Atonement? Could it be that the Jubilee functions start at Atonement and then extend partly into this New First Year?

A: In the 48th year of the jubilee cycle, which is the Sixth year of the Seventh Sabbath cycle, God gives a treble harvest. The next year in which this occurs will be 2025. The Sabbath year of the cycle starts at 1 Abib, like all normal years. From Trumpets the reading of the law is prepared, as we saw in the restoration of Ezra and Nehemiah. The Jubilee year commences from Atonement in the Sabbath year and continues until Atonement in the Jubilee year. At Tabernacles of that Sabbath year, the Law is read and the Jubilee festivities and the rest accorded to the lands and trees occurs.

From the blowing of Atonement in the jubilee year, all lands revert to their owners. Only the houses in towns can be sold in perpetuity. After the Last Great Day following Tabernacles all the restoration is put in place. This is termed the eighth year for the purposes of calculation. This period of five months is used for ploughing and sowing so that the first harvest can occur in the month of Abib of the first year of the new cycle. Look at the papers: Tithing (No. 161)Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256); Reading the Law with Ezra and Nehemiah (No. 250) and God’s Calendar (No. 156).

In a previous question it was said the Jubilee year is from Atonement to the next Atonement or in the fall of the year. Stored crops are eaten and there is no planting or tithe paying. What happens to the next five months and are they in the 50th or the 1st year of the next cycle?

A: The Bible says that they were in the eighth year of the cycle, which is the Jubilee year. However, the actual Jubilee itself is blown from Atonement to Atonement, which is why there is a treble harvest year in the 48th year of the Jubilee cycle, to enable this extended period of rest. The preparation for the harvests must be undertaken after the Last Great Day of the Feast cycle in the Seventh month, and so that period is normal for agricultural purposes. The structure is examined in the papers Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256) and Tithing (No. 161).

When does the Jubilee end? Are there different jubilees for different kinds of people?

A: There is only one true jubilee–the jubilee of the Bible. It is fifty years in duration and consists of seven seven-year cycles with the fiftieth year as the jubilee. The jubilee is also called the Acceptable Year of the Lord and was declared by Christ in 27 CE, the year he was baptised by John. The determination of the jubilee year is made from a number of Bible references. Look at the paper Law and the Fourth Commandment (No. 256).

The jubilees occur in the years 27 and 77 of each century of the current era, and the years 24 and 74 BCE. The reading of the Law occurs at each Sabbath year and in each jubilee. The jubilee is declared or blown from Atonement of the Sabbath to Atonement of the Jubilee year. Look at the paper Reading the Law with Ezra and Nehemiah (No. 250).

In that year, all lands are to be restored and the jubilee acts as an eighth year of the cycle. From the end of the Last Great Day of the Feasts of Tabernacles, the lands are ploughed and sown for the Harvests of the next year in Abib and through to the Wheat Harvest at Pentecost.

New Years day begins on 1 Abib approximating March of the Pagan Roman Calendar. This is explained in the paper The Moon and the New Year (No. 213). The calendar is set by God from Creation and is essential for the correct system of worship. Look at God’s Calendar (No. 156)The year 2000 is an invention of man and is not a jubilee year. Look at the paper The Significance of the Year 2000 (No. 286).

Feasts

We are told to keep the holy days of YHVH-where He places His Name. In this world today with all the confusion in the churches how can we really know where He places His name for His feasts?

A: Finding a place where Yahovah has placed His name is the same commandment to discern the body of Christ for the Passover. We are all commanded to discern the body of Christ in order to take the Lord’s Supper and Passover sequence with that body. To do that we normally examine which church is faithfully adhering to the doctrines of the Original Church of God. In the past, that has been fairly easy as we have normally been underground and persecuted but faithful to the truth.

The Doctrine of the nature of God was readily understood, and Christ was understood to be the Great Angel of the Old Testament who gave the Law to Moses and was never confused with the One True God. This century the Hillel Calendar was introduced from Judaism in some branches, which has made it even more diverse.

The task is fairly simple on the face of it. You have to find the people on the planet doing what the Church has done for two thousand years; keeping the original Calendar with all the Sabbaths and Feasts (including the Wave Sheaf service and New Moons) and worshipping the one True God in the name of His Son, Jesus Christ.

Once you have found them, you have found the place where God has placed his hand and where Christ will be for the Feast. Nothing has changed — there are just more errors and confusion in the last days. The work by Samuel Kohn, Sabbatarians in Transylvania will show you what the church was doing at the Reformation in Europe. We are still doing the same thing.

If the men of Israel were to go to Judea at least 3 times a year, on Passover, Tabernacles, and First Fruits, and now Jesus is our Passover and Pentecost is our First Fruits, that leaves Tabernacles as the required Feast right? Why do we have a weekly Service to hear the word? What did the men of Israel do the rest of the year? We should only have to go to services 2 or 3 times a year.

A: The commanded assemblies of God are in Leviticus 23 and the New Moons in Numbers 10. The Sabbath is the first commanded assembly and feast of the Lord. Thus, it precedes the others and all the commanded assemblies of God flow from this text and the Fourth commandment. The New Testament church had to keep Pentecost at the right place and time together otherwise the Holy Spirit would not have come upon them. The weekly Sabbath was kept by the New Testament church; and so were the New Moons. They also kept Passover and Unleavened Bread, the Wave Sheaf, which is the first of the First Fruits, Pentecost, Trumpets, Atonement, Tabernacles and the Last Great Day. Acts shows they kept the feasts. Colossians 2:16 shows they kept the Sabbath, New Moons and Feasts and were not to let anyone judge them in how they kept them.

The Bible is quite clear, Christ will enforce the Sabbaths, New Moons and Feasts when He returns, and if you do not keep them you will die of starvation or the plagues of Egypt (Isa. 66:23; Zech. 14:16-19). The Witnesses will be the first to address this issue when they get here and Elijah restores the Nexus of the Law and restores all things. Then all debates are over.

What exactly is the ‘fat of the feast’ mentioned in Exodus 23:18?

A: The fat of the feast in this context is the same as that used for the command to eat the fat and drink the sweet in the Restoration of Ezra and Nehemiah (Neh. 8:10). It has nothing to do with the consumption of, or usage of animal fat. It is the concept of the fat and sweet of the feast being distributed, and the offerings taken as soon as the feast is commenced. Thus, the Levites and the poor can eat.

That is why there are only three offerings, one at the beginning of each feast season. The Second Tithe is also used for this activity as we see by Nehemiah’s command on the Day of Trumpets. The fat of the feast, the offerings, are not to remain until the morning. In other words, they are to be collected and used, being distributed to the poor so that they may also enjoy the feast in a timely manner.

Pentecost

What day is Pentecost?

Many Christian churches, that observe God’s holy days, calculate the day of Pentecost by counting fifty days from the day after the weekly Sabbath that falls within the days of Unleavened Bread. This is the Wave Sheaf Offering (Sunday) which commences the countdown to Pentecost (Lev 23:15-17).

The early church kept Pentecost on a Sunday. Only the Jews kept a Sivan 6 and only after the Temple was destroyed. See the paper The Wave Sheaf Offering (No. 106b).

What is the meaning of Shavuot?

A: Note: Shavuot = Feast of Weeks or Pentecost.

“Unlike all the other Holidays in the Tanach [Hebrew Scriptures], the Feast of Weeks is not given a fixed calendar date but instead we are commanded to celebrate it at the end of a 50-day period known as “The Counting of the Omer” (Shavuot being the 50th day). The commencement of this 50-day period is marked by the bringing of the Omer Offering in the Temple as we read, “And you shall count from the morrow after the Sabbath from the day you bring the Omer [Sheaf] of Waving; seven complete Sabbaths shall you count… until the morrow of the seventh Sabbath you will count fifty days… and you shall proclaim on this very day, it shall be a holy convocation for you ” (Lev 23,15-16.21).”

In late Second Temple times a debate arose between the Boethusians and the Pharisees about whether the “morrow after the Sabbath” [Heb. Mimohorat Ha-Shabbat] refers to the Sunday during Hag HaMatzot [Feast of Unleavened Bread] or the second day of Hag HaMatzot (i.e. the 16th of Nissan). Like the Boethusians and Ancient Israelites before them, the Karaites count the 50 days of the Omer from the Sunday during Hag HaMatzot [Unleavened Bread] and consequently always celebrate Shavuot on a Sunday.”

The quotation above is taken from the Karaite Jews:

www.karaite-korner.org/shavuot.shtml

The Karaite Jews follow the Judaism of the Sadducees. It doesn’t matter that Paul was a Pharisee; it was the Sadducees who were in control of the Temple. The explanation of the Karaites also follows the Church and the Ancient Temple system as well as the Samaritans.

Trumpets

I read the paper Trumpets (No. 136). I see that trumpets were blown at this commanded assembly. Were trumpets blown at other times as well?

A: Yes, they were. The trumpets were blown on New Moons and feasts in various forms. It is a good exercise to look up “trumpets” in Strongs and then look at when they were commanded. Also look at the papers God’s Calendar (No. 156); The Holy Days of God (No. 97) and The Moon and the New Year (No. 213).

Should the Feast of Trumpets be called the Feast of Shofar or Yom Teruah, Day of Blowing? Using The Interlinear Bible (Hebrew, Greek, English)

A: Leviticus 23:24 (Hebrew) In the month seventh, on the first of the month (2320) shall be to you a Sabbath (7677) (Sabbathown) reminder (2146) SIGNALLED (8643) a gathering (4744) holy (6944)

Leviticus 23:24 (English) In the seventh month, on the first of the month, you shall have a Sabbath, a Memorable Acclamation, a holy gathering.

Numbers 29:1(Hebrew) And in month the seventh, on the first of the month, a convocation holy shall be to you any work of service not shall you do; A DAY (yom) OF BLOWING (8643) [the trumpet] (included, but no Hebrew word or number for it) it shall be to you. 8643 Teruah (Teruwah) a type of blowing. 8643 comes from 7321, split the ear, blow an alarm, shout. Cry (alarm, aloud, out) destroy, make a joyful noise, smart, shout sound an alarm, triumph.

I am finding the use of the word Trumpet is mostly translated as Ram’s Horn in the Interlinear Bible…the shofar. Trumpets…. 2689 Shofar…7782. Is the Shofar as well as the Silver Trumpet to be blown? Is the blowing…..the sounding of the alarm to awaken us to the coming events of Atonement and Tabernacles?

A: Trumpets is a New Moon. The sound of the ram’s horn is heard by those keeping the New Moons. The Day of Trumpets is a traditional term applied to the festival. It is also a New Moon and so the double sacrifices were applied to this day and also the New Moon instruction. 3117 is prior to 8643 in Numbers 29:1 and Green translates this as “a day of blowing of the trumpets.” We say Day of Atonement or Yom Kippur but, as we are English speakers, we say Day of Atonement more often and it conveys meaning to us. The word “teruwah” means a “clamour” or “acclamation” or “battle cry” and especially of the clangour of trumpets as an alarm. The word carries with it the implicit meaning of raising an alarm as a battle sound of trumpets. The use of trumpets occurs elsewhere in Numbers.

In dealing with Trumpets we must always bear in mind that it is a double Holy Day and the New Moon activities are also carried out. Look at the papers God’s Calendar (No. 156); The New Moons (No. 125); The Holy Days of God (No. 97) and Trumpets (No. 136).

Many times I’ve heard of Trumpets or the beginning of the 7th month as being celebrated as the Jewish New Year. I am wondering if this could be true and whether the Jews have always had this for their New Year?

A: The Day of Trumpets has always been celebrated in the Temple Calendar, but it was not the New Year under the Temple system. According to the Mishnah, we see it intruding in as a New Year, beside the New Year of 1 Abib or the First Month. The festival of Rosh Hashanah, which modern Jews keep, did not enter Judaism until the Third century of the current era. Rabbi Samuel Kohn makes this comment as proof of Jewish influence on a Sabbatarian sect in Europe after the Reformation. This is contained in the work Sabbatarians in Transylvania, CCG Publishing, 1998 which is available from the CCG offices in USA and Australia.

The effect of the Hillel Calendar of 358 was calculated to enshrine the postponement system in the Jewish calendar. It effectively made the Babylonian New Year the means of determining the beginning of the year and effectively moved the New Year, and hence all the Holy Days, out by one or two days. Consequently, Judaism rarely keeps the true calendar. Look at the papers God’s Calendar (No. 156)The Moon and the New Year (No. 213) and The Calendar and the Moon: Postponements or Festivals? (No. 195).

Atonement

Since every word of God is given for a reason what is the meaning of the Day of Atonement from Leviticus 23:27 and following?

A: Atonement points toward the reconciliation of the Nation and the planet to God in Messiah. The Azazel goat, being placed in the wilderness, is the symbol of binding Satan for the millennial system. This aspect is covered in the paper Azazel and Atonement (No. 214). The High Priest firstly performs his duties in linen symbolising the priest Messiah of the First Advent. After the atonement is undertaken, the High Priest then changes into the royal garments of the High Priest symbolising the King Messiah at the return of the Messiah and in the Second Advent. Look also at the paper Atonement (No. 138).

It appears that Messiah paid the tribute tax on Atonement from this text (Ex 30:11-16). If that is correct is it because he kept the entire law, which required it to be paid even though he was to be the ransom, atonement, kaphar?

A: Yes, this was the didrachma or half shekel tax of Exodus 30:11-16. It is shown here that we are free but, so as not to cause offence and break the law before his death and atonement, the tax was collected in this way to show us that he paid it for us. This text shows we are forbidden to take up a collection on Atonement as it is an affront to the atoning sacrifice of Messiah. Only three offerings a year are authorised under the law.

Regarding Exodus 30:13 “This is what everyone who is numbered shall give: half a shekel according to the shekel of the sanctuary (the shekel is twenty gerahs), half a shekel as a contribution to the Lord.” Does this mean the person gave a full shekel and 1/2 shekel went to maintaining the sanctuary and the other 1/2 shekel was a heave offering to the Lord?

A: No, only one half shekel was given in this tax. It was reduced to a third of a shekel under the Babylonian captivity as the shekel then was thirty gerahs according to their system of weights and measures. This tax pointed towards the Salvation of Messiah who paid our tax for us as an atoning sacrifice. That is why it is forbidden to take up a collection on Atonement in any Church. It is a census tax under ancient Israel and hence, forbidden to Judah as well and it was paid by Christ and hence forbidden to Christians as well. The early Church kept this day as we see from Acts 27:9.